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15 November 2020, Volume 39 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Experimental study on thermal properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete after elevated temperature ZHU De, HAN Yang, SHEN Lei, YAO Xiu-peng, CAO Mao-sen 2020, 39 (11):  1477-1481.  Abstract ( 2736 )   In order to predict the temperature field of SFRC structures under fire, the apparent density, porosity, thermal conductivity,thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity of SFRC after elevated temperature were studied. The mechanism of thermal conductivity decline was analyzed by numerical simulation in meso scale. The research indicated that the apparent density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of SFRC decrease with the rise of heating temperature,while the porosity increases in 1%~3%due to heating and the thermal cracking. On the basis of mesoscopic finite element analysis, the crack thermal resistance effect of thermal cracks generated during heating is one of the important reasons for the decrease of thermal diffusivity of mortar and concrete with the increase of temperature. When the heating temperature reaches 300 ℃, the thermal diffusivity of SFRC has an inflection point beyond which the thermal conductivity shows an upward trend. For the same heating temperature, the thermal conductivity andthermal diffusivity show an upward trend with the increase of steel fiber content. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on thermal decomposition mechanism of perfluorohexanone based on improved ReaxFF force field GU Wei, PENG Zhang-e 2020, 39 (11):  1482-1485.  Abstract ( 3048 )   A molecular dynamics simulation study on the thermal decomposition mechanism of perfluorohexanone using the tight functional model based on density functional model (DFTB) and the improved reaction force field (ReaxFF) was condcted. The initial reaction path of thermal decomposition,the microscopic reaction process and the gas generation mechanism in the system was analyzed. The effect of temperature on the thermal decomposition of perfluorohexanone was discussed.The first-order kinetic equation based on simulation data was established and the first-order kinetic evaluation of the thermal decomposition process was carried out. The results showed that the initial reaction of thermal decomposition of perfluorohexanone is: perfluorohexanone → perfluoroisopentane + carbon monoxide. The main products of thermal decomposition of perfluorohexanone are carbon monoxide, tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoropropylene,perfluoroisobutylene, decafluorobutane, perfluoroisopentane and a large number of active groups. The firstorder kinetic evaluation showed that the pre- finger factor and the apparent activation energy were 5.0217×1014 s-1 and 1 771.96 kJ/mol, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the phenomenon of backdraft based on experiment and FDS YAO Bin, ZHU Guo-qing, ZHU Hui, LI Ming-xuan, GUO Wan-hai, 2020, 39 (11):  1486-1489.  Abstract ( 2781 )   The fire backdraft phenomenon of a full- size chamber using wood as fuel was studied, showing the backdraft phenomenon in a real scene and analyzing the backdraft delay time and indoor temperature changes. FDS was used to simulate the experiment. The simulation results show that the flame shape and indoor temperature change trend of the spray opening when backdraft occurs are basically the same as the actual experiment.On this basis, FDS was used to study the effect of different opening times on backdraft in the closed chamber with large opening and small opening. Related Articles | Metrics

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A fast classification algorithm of aircraft cargo compartment fire based on recurrent neural network HE Yong-bo, LI ming-wei 2020, 39 (11):  1490-1494.  Abstract ( 2566 )   Against the problem of rapidly and accurately classifying different fire sources and interference sources by aircraft fire detection system, a recurrent neural network fire detection algorithm based on long short- term memory was proposed,which can consider the vital time dynamic information in the fire signal. Through the experiment of different fire and interference sources, and based on the signals of dual wavelength, CO and temperature measured by the composite fire detector, the network classification model was trained by connecting them into a characteristic sequence according to time. Through the different selection methods of length of time series data sets, the combustion intensity was simulated, and the robustness, rapidity and accuracy of the algorithm were validated. The results showed that the network is effective in the problem of fast classification of true ignition source and interference source. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study on formation mechanism of copper oxide in short circuit traces of copper wire JI Bo-cheng 2020, 39 (11):  1495-1498.  Abstract ( 2705 )   This paper takes the copper wire as the research object,and XRD detection and thermal analysis were used as experimental support to analyze the formation mechanism of copper oxide. The XRD test was performed on copper wire heated  to 800 ̊C and 1 100 ̊C respectively. It was found that when thecopper powder was heated to 800 ̊C, the content of copper oxide in the heating product was as high as 91.60%, while the content of cuprous oxide was only 0.90%; When the copper powder was heated to 1 100 ̊C , the cuprous oxide content reached 65.30%,the copper oxide content was 34.70%. Through the TG curve of copper wire heated to two temperatures, combined with the principle of thermodynamics, the conversion temperature between two copper oxides was obtained and the stability of the two oxides at different temperatures was compared, which provided a reference for fire investigation and accident identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on charring of crossliaminated timber exposed to standard fire#br# PENG Lei, QIU Pei-fang, CUI Hai-hao, YUAN Lu 2020, 39 (11):  1499-1503.  Abstract ( 2910 )   Experimental tests have been carried out to study the charring of cross- laminated timber （CLT）wall panels under standard fire exposure, by using a fire- resistance furnace. The temperature curves at different depths within the CLT panels,charring depths and charring rates are examined. The effect of different adhesives on delamination and charring rate are studied.Methods of calculating the charring depth of CLT with or without delamination occurrence are also presented and discussed.The results show that the CLT panels manufactured using normal PUR adhesive had the first layer fall-off at about 50~ 60 min, and the charring rate increased considerably after falloff of the first layer. However, the CLT panel smanufactured using heat- resist PUR adhesive exhibit no obvious delamination,and the charring rates remained constant during tests, which are consistent（0.65 mm/min）with the design value of normal timber structures as given in Eurocode 5. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on combustion characteristics of plastic storage container in clean workshop YANG Bing-jie, WANG Zong-cun 2020, 39 (11):  1504-1507.  Abstract ( 2568 )   In order to study the fire and combustion characteristics of typical combustibles in clean workshop, four groups of full- scale fire combustion characteristics tests were carried out by selecting different combinations of polypropylene plastic box and polystyrene plastic box by using 3 MW calorimeter and 10 MW calorimeter respectively. The test results show that the polypropylene plastic box has high fire risk whether it is arranged in single group, double group or four groups. The development process of its combustion growth rate and maximum heat release rate in the combustion growth stage is close to the ultra fast fire, and there is almost no steady combustion stage.In addition to the heat release rate, the fire growth rate will be further increased with the increase of tile area; the development process of polystyrene plastic box in the combustion growth stage is medium speed fire, and the stable combustion time is longer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization analysis of exhaust system design in an atrium WANG Li, LIAO Kai, CUI Yue 2020, 39 (11):  1507-1510.  Abstract ( 2803 )   In accordance with the current relevant national standards and with reference to the foreign standards, the mass flow rate and temperature of the plumes have been elaborately calculated and compared under two typical fire scenarios in atrium of buildings. It is suggested that designers should fully understand and utilize the development and change rules of the atrium smoke plume, taking the building characteristics into account,adopt pertinent technical measures to optimize the atrium smoke exhaust system design, so as to improve the effectiveness of the system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire resistance of concrete filled steel tubular column and steel beam plane frame GAO Chun-yan, WANG Jia-li, PENG Chi, JIAO DE-YANG 2020, 39 (11):  1511-1515.  Abstract ( 2565 )   The numerical simulation of a certain concrete- filled steel tubular (CFST) column and steel beam composite frame structure in high-rise building when different parts were subjected to fire were carried out, and the temperature distribution of structural members under the high temperature, and the fire resistance,the deformation conditions, and the stress distribution  were studied. The results show that the temperature of the topflange of the steel member is the lowest when considering the beneficial action of floor slab. Also, the deformation of the ground floor is the most serious, the fire resistance rating is the shortest, the stress of steel tube is the most concentrated, and the core concrete stays compressed status of whole section. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on wood crib fire extinguishing based on small size sand-throwing equipment GUO Wan-hai, ZHU Guo-qing, YAO Bin, LIANG Zhen-huan, 2020, 39 (11):  1515-1518.  Abstract ( 2585 )   Based on the small- scale sand throwing equipment, the fire-fighting effect of sand extinguishing standard 1-A woodcrib fire was studied. The change characteristics of wood crib fire before and after sand throwing were measured by K-type armored thermocouple and infrared thermal imager. The results show that the sand can effectively inhibit the open fire on the surface of the wood crib, and the flame above the wood crib was suppressed at the initial stage of fire extinguishing, and the open fire on the surface of the wood crib disappears after 30 s of sand throwing. Under the impact of sand, there are obvious differences in the temperature changes at different positions of the wooden pile. The temperature drop range is shown as follows:the surface facing the sand is the largest, the surface at the side of sand is the second, and the center line is the least. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of digital integrated multifunctional fire fighter individual system equipment HONG Ying-zheng, LI Zhen, MA Cong-bo 2020, 39 (11):  1519-1522.  Abstract ( 2073 )   Aiming at the single function of digital single soldier equipment, the lack of link fusion, and the independence of rear command platform, this paper designs and realizes the digital integrated multi-functional fire fighting single soldier system equipment, and designs the functional integration, link fusion and integrated command platform of digital single soldier equipment  with different front functions.This paper describes the design ideas and implementation methods of the intelligent archi tecture system of firefighter's body area network, the design and implementation of heterogeneous communication link unit, the integrated command platform of multi information flow and multi service single soldier integrated model, and makes clear the design ideas of digital single soldier fire fighting equipment system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the construction of fire equipment design platform based on BIM WANG Jia, ZHANG Chen-xi, LU Yi-xin, ZHOU Xiao-ping 2020, 39 (11):  1522-1525.  Abstract ( 2644 )   In order to solve the problems of information fault,low design efficiency and high cost caused by incompatible design tools and insufficient utilization of equipment data information in the design process of fire fighting equipment, this paper proposes a method of building fire equipment design platform by using building information modeling and cloud platform technology. The platform consists of an essential service interface, data interface application interface and presentation interface, which can be used to analyze and lightweightly display various format models.The various design functions of the platform meet the design needs of multiple users, and enable users to complete design online in a de- tooled way, free from the shackles of BIM design tools. The BIM model in the built firefighting equipment library provides a variety of geometric information and non-geometric information. Through multi-party circulation, it can realize the information sharing of fire- fighting equipment throughout the life cycle and provide basic services for "smart fire". Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and implementation of servo control system software of intelligent fire monitor based on Qt ZHANG Shuai-shuai, LI Wei, PAN Lu, LIN Da, ZHU Jin-song 2020, 39 (11):  1526-1528.  Abstract ( 3064 )   In order to solve the problem that the intelligent firemonitor based on infrared or visual image is easy to be disturbed, a servo control fire monitor based on the binocular camera image and infrared camera image was proposed. The hardware composition of the control system was described, the control progress and design of corresponding control software were introduced, and the design process of code was given. Based on Qt platform, TCP/ IP communication protocol was used to transmit control data, and OpenCV was used to process the image. The functions of manual control and servo control of fire monitor, as well as acquisition, storage, reading, query and display of fire monitor status data were realized. The running results of functional interface experiment were given. The system improves the intelligent fire monitor, solving the problem that the intelligent fire monitor based on infrared and image can not work normally due to the interference of smoke and light, greatly reduces the complexity and risk of fire fighters and promotes the development of intelligent and informationize of firefighting equipment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of infrared thermal imaging fire detection technology in oil-immersed transformer of nuclear power plant SUN Bao-cheng, LIN Te-jun, GUO Xia-pei, XIAO Fei 2020, 39 (11):  1529-1531.  Abstract ( 3310 )   This paper mainly analyzes the causes of oil- immersed transformer fire, and uses infrared thermal imaging fire detection technology to improve the early fire detection response ability of transformer, improve the real-time and reliability of fire detection during the operation of oil- immersed transformer,so as to ensure the safe operation of oil-immersed transformer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of home fire monitoring and alarm system based on single chip microcomputer YUAN Xiang-ping, LI Shao-ming 2020, 39 (11):  1532-1535.  Abstract ( 3058 )   Based on STC12C5A60S2 single- chip computer, a multi- functional monitoring system for household use is designed, which has the characteristics of low development cost, synchronous display of multi-sensor data on online and offline terminals, special voice flash alarm for fire characteristic parameters locally, and synchronous color change alarm for online APP client interface. Firstly, fire signals are monitored in real time by infrared flame, photoresistor, temperature, humidity, poisonous gas and smoke sensor modules. Then, the characteristic parameters of these signals are processed by A/D conversion and algorithm analysis in sequence. Then, a micro-network is constructed by Bluetooth wireless transmission and serial communication technology to realize data remote distance transmission,and with the help of easy language, PC Android APP development environment, LCD, start and stop function keys, decoding chip, relay group and multi-channel voice playback board,build online and offline monitoring and alarm terminal. The experimental results show that the system has strong control lability and real-time, the rate of missed and false alarm of home fire is further reduced, and the user's response ability to alarm signal is also improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fusing conspicuousness attention mechanism for fire detection and identification ZHANG Hai-jun, CHEN Ying-hui, 2020, 39 (11):  1536-1541.  Abstract ( 1810 )   Based on human visual attention mechanism, this paper puts forward a new method for fire detection and identification by fusing conspicuousness attention mechanism. Namely seeing is believing, through simulation of the human visual system,fusing significance attention mechanism to extract important information from the images, and to eliminate redundant data,identify the suspected fire area. Then to use multiple types Support Vector Machine for training and learning, the experimental results show that the proposed detection method of fusing conspicuousness attention mechanism combined with the SVMs of multiple function kernels has high accuracy, good stability and the excellent overall performance and so on characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of temperature monitoring and fire alarm system of distribution box based on MCU LIU Jiang-hong, WU Jun-feng, LIANG Yi-zhen, QIU Ming-ming, WEI Qi-nan, KANG Jun-te 2020, 39 (11):  1542-1545.  Abstract ( 2115 )   In view of the high temperature operation of the distribution box in summer, a temperature monitoring and fire alarm system applied to the distribution box was designed. The system uses MCU as the core, and uses a temperature sensor and a smoke sensor to detect the environment in the distribution box to realize automatic heat dissipation and fire alarm. The wireless network module is used to upload environmental data to the OneNET Internet of Things platform to achieve remote monitoring of the distribution box. The experimental results showed that in summer, when the ambient temperature is around 36.7 ℃, the temperature of the enclosed distribution box can be dropped by up to 6 ℃. When a fire occurs, it can provide sound and light alarms, and the remote IoT platform can store and display temperature and smoke data for PC and mobile phones to access and view. The system can meet the need for real-time monitoring of the environment in the distribution box and the timely alarm in case of fire emergency, which is convenient for users or safety management personnel to carry out safe and intelligent management of the distribution box. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on model selection of tank seal of dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one fire extinguishing agent  GUO Chun-liang, LU Rui-hua, YU Rui, QING Pei-wen, YAN Li-fan, HUANG Chang-long 2020, 39 (11):  1545-1547.  Abstract ( 2755 )   The compatibility, causticity problems of fire extinguishing equipment tank for dodecafluoro- 2- methylpentan- 3-one fire extinguishing agent during the engineering practice were introduced. By immersion test, methods of weighting,drainage, and visual inspection were used to analyze the compatibility of 6 kinds of O type seal rings and the fire extinguishing agent, as well as the causticity of the agent to 6 kinds of metallic materials. The suitable nonmetallic and metallic materials for the sealing element were verified, to provide reference for the model selection of tank seal of dodecafluoro- 2-methylpentan- 3-one fire extinguishing agent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on performance improvement of self-contained breathing apparatus based on volume and mass QU Tian-yi 2020, 39 (11):  1548-1550.  Abstract ( 1846 )   The influence of cylinder volume and equipment mass on the service time of self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) was studied. Physiological index and gas consumption rate of 4 different volume positive pressure air breathing apparatus worn by firefighters were tested, and the service time of SCBA was calculated while fire fighters working under different work intensity, to provide reference for the performance improvement of SCBA, and to provide ideas for the development of new firefighting equipment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of toxic and harmful gas monitoring system based on machine learning method WU Zong-kui, FAN Yu-feng 2020, 39 (11):  1550-1553.  Abstract ( 2613 )   In view of the frequent fire accidents in petrochemical plant areas and hazardous chemicals storages in recent years, and fire fighters casualties during firefighting and rescue,this paper proposes a kind of toxic and harmful gas monitoring system for firefighting and rescue sites, elaborates the composition and working principle of the toxic and harmful gas monitoring system, establishes the weight model of the toxic and harmful gas monitoring terminal monitoring area hazard and the risk of the fire fighter in the field operation area. The machine learning algorithm is used to train the data model, and provide scientific assistant decision support for the commander dispatching command at the fire fighting and rescue site to ensure the life safety of the on-site combatants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and research of ultra-fine dry powder fire extinguishing bomb based on Beidou navigation system LIU Jin-jun, FENG Shuai-qi 2020, 39 (11):  1554-1556.  Abstract ( 1933 )   For effectively extinguishing forest fire, and protecting the safety of firefighters, a kind of forest fire extinguishing bomb which can strike precisely was designed based on Beidou navigation system, and the core technologies were studied. The study background and realistic meaning were elaborated, and the necessity of the study was verified. The structure of the fire extinguishing bomb was designed and analyzed, and the internal structure was introduced in detail. The overall parameters and characteristic parameters of the flying track were measured.Combined with the chart, focused on analyzing the navigation module-ATK-S1216F8-BD GPS-BD module, and the key to this design basis: Beidou navigation system. The selection of filling agent and the usage process of the forest fire bomb and technology advantages were introduced briefly. By calculation, the projectile can reach 12.4 km, and the coverage area can be 400 km2, carrying 400 kg of fire extinguishing agent. The related basic technical indexes meet the design expectations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the details of fire emergency lighting distribution design WANG Dong-ping, HU Zhong-kui 2020, 39 (11):  1557-1595.  Abstract ( 1972 )   After the implementation of the new national standard technical standard for fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system, the fire emergency lighting lines with long distribution distance have some problems, such as excessive terminal voltage drop or conservative calculation value,and small short circuit current at the end, etc. Aiming at the terminal voltage drop is too large or the calculated value is conservative,a new practical calculation method that the voltage drop of the line can be calculated accurately was proposed. Aiming at the problem that the short circuit current at the end of the line is too small, based on the fusing time curve to current characteristics of the fuse, the concept of minimum short circuit current which can be fused in a specified time was proposed, and the limit power supply distance of common conductors under safe voltage was calculated. The problem of large error in simplified calculation of voltage drop was solved. A convenient calculation method for short circuit current of emergency lighting circuit was proposed. It can reduce the hidden danger of fire emergency lighting distribution design effectively in this respect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on real-time monitoring method of fire hydrant status based on NB-IoT WU Jin-jin, MAO Jia-run, YUAN Hong-yong, SHU Xue-ming 2020, 39 (11):  1561-1564.  Abstract ( 1940 )   In order to monitor the real-time status of water pressure,flow and temperature of fire hydrants, a fire hydrant monitor is developed, and signal strength of data transmission and real-time monitoring methods of fire hydrant status are analyzed and studied. Firstly, analyze the signal strength of the hydrant monitor based on NB-IoT network transmission in various space situations. Secondly, the real- time monitoring of a municipal fire hydrant is carried out, and its water pressure change trend is analyzed from both dynamic pressure and static pressure. Then,the effects of valve status and detection cycle on flow monitoring are analyzed. Finally, combined with local temperature, the accuracy of temperature monitoring in the water supply pipe is verified. The results show that the data transmission of the fire hydrant monitor is reliable, the pressure is accurately monitored in the range of 0~400 kPa, the flow rate is sensitively measured in the range of 0.2~25 L/s, and the temperature monitoring data is consistent with local temperature. The results meet the needs of fire hydrant monitoring. Related Articles | Metrics

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An improved oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing device for oil immersed transformer ZHOU Yu-xiao, WEI De-fu, YU Zai-ming, GUO Tie, HAN Yu-shuang, SHE Cui-lou 2020, 39 (11):  1565-1569.  Abstract ( 2750 )   This paper introduced the working principle of oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing device of oil immersed transformer and described the shortcomings of the traditional oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing device based on the heavy hammer mechanism. In view of the shortcomings of traditional oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire-extinguishing device, a design scheme of oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire-extinguishing device based on pneumatic was proposed. The pneumatic ball valve was used as the oil drain valve and nitrogen injection release valve to solve the problem of oil and nitrogen leakage in the oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing device. The combination of pneumatic and electric control mode can effectively reduce the risk of misoperation of oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing device. The sealing diaphragm is added in the oil discharge pipeline, which effectively guarantees the sealing of the oil discharge pipeline, and at the same time, it can realize the effective simulation operation of the system. Thus, the operation safety and reliability of the oil immersed transformer oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing device are improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental and numerical simulation of low pressure bubble atomization FAN En-xi, CHEN Jian 2020, 39 (11):  1569-1572.  Abstract ( 2040 )   In order to further study the two-phase flow device with the best combination of flow field and parameters inside the mixing chamber, six two-phase flow atomizing nozzles with different structures were designed in this paper. The relevant atomization characteristic parameters such as droplet size, droplet axial velocity, atomization angle and fog flux were experimentally determined. Based on the experiment, the velocity flow field, pressure flow field and gas-liquid volume fraction inside the mixing chamber were simulated by Fluent software, so as to supplement and verify the experimental results. The optimal working parameters of the nozzle are as follows: liquid working pressure is 0.4 MPa, liquid mass flow is 60.0 kg/h, gas working pressure is 0.6 MPa, gas mass flow is 0.1 kg/h, nozzle diameter is 0.8 mm and injection number is 32. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of expandable graphite on expansion and combustion performance of modified silicone rubber LI Jian-hua 2020, 39 (11):  1573-1576.  Abstract ( 2730 )   Silicone rubber is an organic-inorganic material, and is an excellent flame retardant material, which has been applied in many fields. After expansion, silicone rubber can expand its application in high- end manufacturing and power cable protection.The intumescent flame retardancy of silicone rubber was studied by using expandable graphite as intumescent flame retardant and adding different content of aluminum hypophosphite.The characteristics were investigated by oxygen index, vertical combustion UL-94, thermal analysis, tensile and volume change tests. The results show that the silicone rubber is the UL-94 V-0 grade while the additive content is 1:1, and the oxygen index can be up to 40.8%, what's more, mechanical properties have reached the best. From the cone measurement results, when the two were mixed, the PHRR decreased from 455 kW/m2 to 250 kW/m2 ,with good expansion effect and the carbon layer strong strength. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of sericite filler on theperformance of boron phenolic fire retardantcoating MA Wen-ting, ZHAO Min, SUN Jun-Li 2020, 39 (11):  1577-1580.  Abstract ( 1825 )   In this paper, boron phenolic resin and epoxy resinare selected as the base resin, meanwhile, melamine and hexamethylenetetramine are used as fireproofing additives to prepare fireproof coatings with sericite filler. By using physical and chemical properties analysis, fireproofing performance test,thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope test and infrared spectrum detection, we study the effect of fillers on the performance of boron phenolic fire retardant coatings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the compatibility of new gas fire extinguishing agent and mental materia YI Cheng-yi, DONG Hai-bin, XIAN Xue-lei, LIU Lian-xi, SHENG Yan-feng 2020, 39 (11):  1581-1584.  Abstract ( 1873 )   For increasing the safety of the new gas fire extinguishing agent in engineering application, explore its compatibility with metal materials, this paper carried out the compatibility test between new fire extinguishing agent (HFO- 1336 mzz,FK-5-1-12, HFO-1233 zd) and the gas fire extinguishing system typical metallic materials(HPb59- 1,Q235,37Mn,20#,304). According to the practical application condition of fire extinguishing system, the test process adopts soak and half-soak with normal temperature and pressure method, and soak with temperature alternating under high pressure storage method to analyze the compatibility. The compatibility parameters of the selected extinguishing agent and metal materials under different test conditions were obtained. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on fire extinguishing performance of foam extinguishing agent for diesel fire LU Qiang 2020, 39 (11):  1584-1586.  Abstract ( 2089 )   The fire extinguishing performance of diesel oil fire was studied by using commonly used foam extinguishing agent products, including aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent (AFFF), alcohol- resistant aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent (AFFF/AR), and fluorine protein foam extinguishing agent (FP), to provide guidance on selecting of suitable foam extinguishing agent products for petrochemical enterprises and fire control units. The results showed that the fire extinguishing effect of aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent is better for diesel oil fire. Diesel oil fire is more easily to be extinguished than standard solvent oil fire. The fire resistance performance of foam extinguishing agent in diesel fire is also more stable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thinking on strengthening the construction of flood fighting and rescue ability LI Bin 2020, 39 (11):  1587-1588.  Abstract ( 1970 )   Analyzed the situation of flood-fighting and emergency rescue in Anhui Province in 2020. In response to the functional tasks of "whole disasters and big emergency", combined with the work practice, the problems of transformation and upgrading of the fire rescue team and the problems of improving quality and strength were analyzed from three aspects of command system, infrastructure and professional ability. This paper further discussed the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the actual combat ability and team construction level of the fire rescue team. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the fire and rescue team participating the handling of tailings dams leakage accident ZHANG Zhi 2020, 39 (11):  1589-1592.  Abstract ( 2640 )   This paper briefly introduces the basic definition,common types, main risks and current situation of tailings dams in China, discusses the rescue difficulties of tailings dams leakage accident through a typical case of emergency response of tailings dams leakage accident. Suggestions for fire and rescue teams to participate in the emergency response of tailings dams leakage accident are put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and application of a 3D Fire fighting and rescue plan system for key units of fire safety ZHU Bin, LIU Tao 2020, 39 (11):  1592-1595.  Abstract ( 2009 )   The existing digital fire fighting and rescue plans are generally out of touch with actual fire rescue operations. In view of these problems, this paper develops a set of three- dimensional digital plan management platform to meet the needs of the function expansion and realistic struggle of the fire rescue team after the reform of government institutions.The system realizes the docking between the fire fighting command platform, individual positioning system and the remote monitoring system based on Internet of things in key units, establishes an integrated intelligent fire fighting system, and realizes the application of "one map indoor and outdoor" in the mobile terminal. In the actual combat, the firefighting and rescue team uses the platform to carry out online deduction, familiar drill and remote assistant decision-making, ensures the scientific and effective combat decision-making. Practice has proved that the system has important practical significance for the construction of "intelligent fire protection, science and technology fire protection". Related Articles | Metrics

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Melting process and globules’features of Cu-Sn alloying in fire LIN Qing-wen, LI Yang, HE Fen-fen, YANG Shuo 2020, 39 (11):  1596-1598.  Abstract ( 2241 )   Mark of melting through copper plate is considered as one of key evidences to show ground short circuit occurring. But some similar melted marks often exist in fire scenes, which may be caused by solder alloying through copper plate. In the paper, the thermodynamic process of Cu- Sn alloy melting was analyzed by simultaneous thermal analyzer. According to actual fire scenario, the formation rule and typical characteristics of Cu-Sn alloy melting mark were researched. The results showed that O2 helped advance the Cu-Sn alloy melting reaction. When the temperature of copper plate was above 515 ℃ , the molten Sn could melt the copper plate and form the melting marks similar to melted marks caused by ground short circuit arc in appearance. As the temperature increased, the melting mark of Cu-Sn alloy changed from gold to black, and the size of alloying marks became larger and larger. This research result has certain theoretical reference value for the accurate identification of ground short circuit and the determination of temperature of molten copper in the field.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Video evidence collection and review in fire investigation GAO Li-feng 2020, 39 (11):  1599-1602.  Abstract ( 1946 )   In order to standardize the video evidence collection and evidence ability review in the fire investigation, this paper compares the video data of 10 fire accidents and analyzes the characteristics of forensics of video materials in different fire scenes, and the role of proof in the identification of ignition time, fire location, fire cause and other aspects, discuss the video evidence collection principles, procedures, image analysis,management and evidence review, etc., and suggest video data as the basic elements of the use of evidence.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussing the flaw of evidence collection from a fire case HE Run-mei 2020, 39 (11):  1603-1605.  Abstract ( 1930 )   Through a lawsuit caused by a fire case, this paper analyzes the difficulties encountered by the fire and rescue team in the fire investigation work, and studies the use of "not excluding expression" in the fire cause identification. This paper probes into the forms of evidence collection in the process of fire cause determination and the defects existing at present, and from the angle of judicature, the accurate expression of evidence collection and cause determination opinions are provided. This paper expounds the uniqueness and exclusiveness of evidence chain in criminal procedure, analyzes the deep-seated reasons for the difficulties in handling fire cases at present, and advances some suggestions on establishing and improving the forms and methods of evidence collection in fire investigation and on strengthening the persuasiveness of evidence. It has some reference value to the fire investigation after the transformation of fire emergency rescue team, to the identification of fire causes and to the clarification of the responsibilities of all parties in fire. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of surface composition of copper wire ground short circuit weld mark WANG Liang, ZHANG Wen-tao 2020, 39 (11):  1606-1608.  Abstract ( 1855 )   Experiments were carried out to simulate the ground short circuit of single core PVC copper conductor. The changes of ground short circuit weld mark surface composition of copper wire along with the electric current increasing before and during the fire were recorded and analyzed. By linear regression analysis, the factors affecting the element content of copper wire weld mark surface was discussed. The study can provide scientific guide for fire investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of a deflagration accident XIN Zhi-bin, LV Dong 2020, 39 (11):  1609-1612.  Abstract ( 1847 )   Based on investigating an accident of deflagration caused by electric welding construction, on- site inspection, investigation and inquiry, simulation test and infrared thermal imaging analysis were conducted and the causes of welding slag falling and smoking were excluded. After in-depth study of the mechanism of fire in the welding circuit, it was proposed that in the process of high-current arc welding, the weak contact parts in the welding circuit will form local overheating and high temperature, which can cause the fire on surrounding combustibles. The paper provides some new ideas for fire investigation of electric welding. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on a case of an off-road vehicle fire WANG Zheng 2020, 39 (11):  1612-1614.  Abstract ( 1880 )   Evidence is obtained through investigation on an offroad vehicle fire accident. According to the information provided by the persons concerned, the basic situations of the car fire accident are understood, such as the time at which the car fire began, the ignition point, and the vehicle accidents and maintenance. Based on the driving route and driving environment inspected on site, various information, including the burning trace characteristics of the accident vehicle, the fire spread, and the inspection of the mechanical failure of engine room, is described in detail, and the basis for the determination of the cause of the car fire is fully explained. This article provides reference for the investigation on the similar car fire accidents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and consideration of a serious fire accident caused by static electricity ZHANG Xiao-qin, CHENG Gao-ping 2020, 39 (11):  1615-1618.  Abstract ( 2041 )   Electrostatic spark is a weak fire source, and its generation,accumulation and discharge process are complex. It is difficult to investigate and obtain evidence, and it is generally necessary to identify it after excluding the possibility of other fire sources. Based on the cause identification of a fire accident which is seemingly simple but complex, through investigation and field experiments, qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation were carried out to restore the truth. How to accurately identify the electrostatic fire was described, and the occurrence conditions, characteristics, energy and identification points of various types of electrostatic fire were summarized. Related Articles | Metrics