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15 June 2020, Volume 39 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on interfacial bond behavior of concrete-filled steel tube after fire and water cooling XIE Wang-jun, CHEN Zong-ping, ZHOU Ji 2020, 39 (6):  739-742.  Abstract ( 1745 )   In order to reveal the interfacial bond behavior between a circle steel tube and concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures and water cooling, a total of 23 concrete-filled circle steel tube specimens subjected to high temperatures and water cooling were designed for push out test, by considering parameters such as concrete strength grade, anchorage length, cooling method and maximum temperature. The apparent change after cooling and the failure mode during loading were observed respectively. The load-slip curves and characteristic parameters were obtained. Factors affecting the interfacial bond strength were analyzed. The bond strength expression and bond- slip constitutive equation were proposed. The results showed that the interfacial bond strength increases first and then decreases with the increase of the maximum temperature; The bond strength is inversely proportional to the anchorage length, and the higher the maximum temperature is, the more obvious the relationship is; The bond strength of the specimens subjected to water-cooling is lower than that subjected to natural cooling, and the higher the maximum temperature is, the more significant the difference is. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on CT scanning experiments of concrete under fire and high temperatures HUANG Min, XU Rui-yu 2020, 39 (6):  742-745.  Abstract ( 1772 )   In order to study the damage effect of concrete internal structure in the high temperature environment of tunnel fires, the micro CT scanning tests and SEM scanning tests were used to detect the microstructure of concrete samples at the temperatures range of 100 ℃ to 800 ℃ . The quantitative relationship between temperature and fracture rate, fracture length and connectivity index was established. The research showed that the cracks appeared in the concrete internal structure and gradually expanded with the fire development. With the increase of temperature, the porosity, pore throat length and width showed an exponential increase trend, which indicated the accumulation of the damage of concrete microstructure. The volume content of the largest pore keeps increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of fire temperature. It was found from SEM images that the expansion and dehydration of cement hydrate gel is an important trigger factor for the expansion of concrete cracks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on suppression of methane gas explosion by porous ceramic DUAN Yu-long, , WANG Shuo, , WANG Wen-he, , DENG Zhi-xun , LAI Fan , ZHANG Yan-hua 2020, 39 (6):  746-749.  Abstract ( 1778 )   Experimental study on the methane explosion effect of porous ceramics with distance of 30, 50, 70 cm from the ignition source and thickness of 2, 4 and 6 cm was carried out through an experimental platform built independently. The results showed that porous ceramics can prolong the propagation time of laminar flame and slow the transition of flame from laminar to turbulent. Quenching occurs when the explosive flame contacts the porous ceramic, and resulting in the termination of the explosive reaction. As the distance between porous ceramics and the ignition source increases or the thickness of porous ceramics increases, the flame front speed decreases, but the effect of thickness on the flame front speed is more obvious than that of the placement. The rate of overpressure rise decreases with the increase of distance between the porous ceramic and the ignition source. When the distance between the porous ceramic and the ignition source is 30 cm, the attenuation effect of overpressure is the best. The peak pressure of methane explosion overpressure decreases with the increase of thickness of porous ceramics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of prescribed burning on pinusyunnanensis pure forest fuel in Yunnan province ZHANG Wen-wen, YAN Xiang-xiang, WANG Qiu-hua, LI Xiao-na, LONG Teng-teng, PU Jun, DING Zong-da 2020, 39 (6):  750-753.  Abstract ( 1786 )   In the pure forest of pinus yunnanensis in Zhaobi moun⁃tain, Xinping County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, a fixed sample plot was set up at the same location for 3 consecutive years. Through field survey and sampling,the ignition time, extinction time, radiant heat, flame height, spread speed and other fire behaviors of prescribed burning were observed, and the species composition, richness and frequency of shrubs and herbs in the sample plots of unplanned and planned burning were investigated and counted. The results showed that: with the increase of planned burning times,the height of shrubs, herbs and ferns decreased, which reduced the vertical continuity in the forest,and it was difficult to cause canopy fire even if fire occurred. After 3 years of continuous observation and investigation,the average surface fuel load was 0.85 ± 0.25 kg/m2 ,and the burning effect of planned burning was closely related to fuel load. In a short period of time, the species richness of shrubs and herbs in the sample plot was significantly reduced. After planned burning, the important value of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng decreased, while the important value of bracken increased significantly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on combustion characteristics of typical automotive interior materials QU Fang, SUN Yu-zhao, WANG Zhi, 2020, 39 (6):  753-756.  Abstract ( 1764 )   Combustion characteristics of polyester fabric polypropylene fiberglass board, polyester fabric polypropylene hemp fiber board and PVC leather polypropylene hemp fiber board were experimentally investigated under radiation heat flux of 25, 35, 50 kW/m2 by cone calorimeter, such as the ignition time, mass loss percentage and heat release rate, etc. The ignition prediction model was selected to calculate the critical thermal radiation intensity of these materials. Flashover tendency index and total heat release were adopted to evaluate their potential fire hazard. The results showed that the mass loss percentage of polyester fabric polypropylene hemp fiber board is the maximum, and the structural integrity is the worst correspondingly under the experimental radiation heat flux. The average ignition time of polyester fabric polypropylene fiberglass board is the minimum as well as the critical thermal radiation intensity, it is most likely to be ignited. The peak heat release rate of PVC leather polypropylene hemp fiber board is the highest, and the probability of flashover presents the greatest due to the lowest fire performance index. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermogravimetric experiment and kinetic analysis of wood HUAI Chao-ping, LIU Fang, DONG Pei-wen, PENG Man 2020, 39 (6):  757-760.  Abstract ( 1906 )   Four common types of woods in historic buildings were selected as research objects, and thermogravimetric experiments were performed at heating rate of 5 K/min. The pyrolysis process of wood is divided into 4 stages, the thermal weightlessness of wood mainly occurs in the second and third stages. The pyrolysis process at different temperature stages was analyzed, the kinetic equation of wood pyrolysis was established, and the pyrolysis kinetic parameters were obtained. The order of wood thermal stability from high to low is as follows: Chinese fir has the best thermal stability, followed by nanmu, white pine and Korean pine have the same stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of natural smoke vents on smoke exhaust effect of airport terminal LEI Jing-jing, ZHAO Gan-chao, CHEN Yong-gang 2020, 39 (6):  760-763.  Abstract ( 1799 )   The method of combining FDS simulation with theoretical calculation was used to study the influence of natural smoke outlet on the smoke exhaust effect of airport terminal based on 6 scenarios with different ratio of upper and lower opening area. The results showed that when the ratio of upper and lower open area is not greater than 1.8, with the increase of smoke outlet area, the indoor average temperature drops, and the height of smoke layer rises, the smoke exhaust effect becomes better and better. When the fire develops to 720 s, the average indoor temperature is still within the safe range, which has little impact on the evacuation of personnel. The theoretical model was established and compared with the simulation results. It is concluded that the theoretical model is applicable when the ratio of upper and lower opening area is 1.8. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on temporal and spatial distribution of temperature field of natural fire in large space building ZHANG Guo-wei, LI Hua-xiang, ZHU Guo-qing, LI Jun-yi 2020, 39 (6):  764-768.  Abstract ( 1776 )   Full- scale physical experiments on fires in large spaces were carried out to research the prediction model of temperature field in large space. By constructing the maximum temperature of the smoke temperature curve, the time point when the fire enters the decline stage, and the basic shape of the curve, a mathematical model to express the whole process temperature curve of fire in large space was established and was researched contrastively against the other two models. The results showed that the change and non- uniform of temperature distribution of natural fires in large  spaces can be predicted by both 3 models. The theoretical prediction value of the new model is in good agreement with the experimental value in the peak stage of fire, and can reflect the gradual attenuation of temperature fields in the fire better during the decay phase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of outdoor air on smoke back-layering length in subway tunnel WANG Hai-tao, LI Bin, CAO Hui-juan, FENG Dao-guang 2020, 39 (6):  768-771.  Abstract ( 1793 )   A hot smoke test was carried out in a real subway tunnel to verify the validity of FDS simulation results. Three- dimension model of subway tunnel was established and effects of outdoor air design parameters on smoke back- layering length and critical velocity were investigated by FDS. Results of study showed that outdoor air design parameters have important influences on smoke back-layering length in subway tunnel fires. The smoke back-layering is longer when the design temperature of outdoor air is lower. The smoke back-layering is shorter when outdoor air design humidity is bigger. The smoke back- layering is shorter when outdoor atmospheric pressure is bigger. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the effectiveness of fire natural smoke exhaust in underground pedestrian by hot smoke test RAN Peng 2020, 39 (6):  772-774+777.  Abstract ( 1726 )   The effectiveness of natural smoke exhaust mode in a large underground pedestrian district was researched by hot smoke test. The area of fire source was 2 m2 and the power of it was about 1 500 kW for the 3 fire locations. The results showed that most of the smoke was discharged to the outdoor through the natural smoke outlet above the fire source under the action of thermal buoyancy in the natural smoke exhaust mode, leaving a small amount of flue gas gathered and subsided only in local area. During the simulated evacuation time, the evacuation path and evacuation exit had high visibility, and the overall smoke control and exhaust effect was obvious. The temperature change of the flue gas flow along the path of fire source has no obvious influence on the evacuation behavior of personnel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire smoke control design of subway station TIAN Hao, SHAO Di, LIN Zhen 2020, 39 (6):  775-777.  Abstract ( 1757 )   Based on the analysis of the space and function characteristics of large-scale subway station, starting from the fire load, personnel density, smoke spread characteristics, and the design difficulty of smoke control and exhaust system, taking a large- scale station as an example, the smoke control and exhaust design of station hall floor and platform floor is studied by field smoke heat test, and the test items, evaluation indexes and measurement indexes are analyzed. The results show that for the complex subway station, by optimizing the fire- fighting facilities and smoke control system, scientifically and reasonably dividing the smoke control zones, separating the key areas for fire prevention, and strictly controlling the combustibles in the public areas of the subway station, the development and spread of the fire and smoke can be effectively controlled to ensure the time requirements for the safe evacuation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on smoke simulation and evacuation of fire in comprehensive library GUO A-min, GU Rui-ling 2020, 39 (6):  778-782.  Abstract ( 1897 )   By PyroSim，taking a comprehensive library of a university as the research object，three ignition points were set up to analyze the spread of smoke in the library from 3 aspects of temperature, CO volume fraction and visibility, and the ASET under different working conditions were obtained. The simulation of evacuation was carried out by Pathfinder and the risk of library fire under different working conditions was obtained. It is suggested to ensure the reliable operation of the firefighting system in the library, strengthen the daily firefighting inspection in the library, and train the students about firefighting safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on fire emergency management strategy of emporium based on evacuation characteristics MEN Jin-long, HAN Yun-qing, LUO Yu-tao, HU Wei-jie 2020, 39 (6):  782-786.  Abstract ( 1779 )   The fire characteristics of emporium were analyzed. The fire safety analysis of emporium was conducted. A typical emporium in Maoming, Guangdong is selected as the prototype to build evacuation model based on Dijkstra algorithm. The evacuation time was calculated. The factors affecting the evacuation were analyzed. In points ofthe layout and management, evacuation guidance, and fire emergency drill of the emporium, the fire emergency management strategy was optimized. It is found that the shortest evacuation time of the three floors is 83.1, 85.5, 145.6 s respectively, and the example area evacuation time is reduced by 8.9 s after taking optimization measures, the optimization rate was 18.6%. This study is meaningful to improve the emergency handling capacity of emporiums and enhance public safety environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on fire characteristics and evacuation safety of urban utility tunnel XU Zhi-sheng, WANG Bei-lei, KONG Jie, LIANG Yin, CHEN Tao 2020, 39 (6):  786-789.  Abstract ( 1757 )   In order to study the fire characteristics of urban utility tunnel and the safety of evacuation of personnel, the paper uses numerical simulation method to analyze the fire scale of the corridor cable, the flow characteristics of smoke and the safety of evacuation. The results show that when the fire source is located in the middle of the power cabin, the fire scale is the largest, about 2.5 MW; the safe evacuation time for personnel is 240 s, which is enough for people to escape safely. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on emergency evacuation of high-rise fires based on BIM technology ZHONG Wei, LI Zhi-yong, MA Jin-chao 2020, 39 (6):  790-793.  Abstract ( 2014 )   In order to reduce the probability of congestion, rationally configure the utilization rate of escape exits and enhance the informatization and modernization capabilities of emergency management of high- rise public buildings, this paper uses BIM technology to build a parametric information model, and uses fire dynamics software (Pyrosim, Pathfinder) to perform numerical simulation on the fire scene and evacuation of an academic building, and re plan the evacuation plan. The simulation results show that the evacuation guidance strategy based on information integration and visual analysis will shorten the evacuation duration by 48.04 s and increase the overall evacuation efficiency by 9.72% . The path replanning of BIM technology can further meet the safety and scientific requirements of fire evacuation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on fire protection design of civil airport terminal CUI Hai-hao, KAN Qiang 2020, 39 (6):  793-796.  Abstract ( 1749 )   For the difficulties of fire protection caused by the application of tensioned cable- membrane structure on airport terminal, the fire protection schemes were put forward by aspects of fire separation, evacuation, fire protection facilities and combustion characteristics of membrane materials, which was based on the architectural function, fuel distribution of airport terminal and characteristics of membrane structure. The feasibility of fire protection design was verified with numerical simulation and formula calculation, which can provide reference for similar engineering design. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire risk analysis and improvement measures of Huizhou architecture MA Zi-chao, LI Xiao-ran, XIAO Zie-nan, CHENG Jing, ZHENG Chan-chan 2020, 39 (6):  796-798.  Abstract ( 1901 )   In order to study the fire risks and countermeasures of the Huizhou architecture in China, this article selects three typical Huizhou architecture as research objects, and analyzes the fire situation of the cultural relic buildings in China in recent years, the causes of disasters, and existing problems in Huizhou architecture. The fire safety problems in Huizhou architecture were explored from the current situation of combustible materials, fire separation distance, building fire protection, fire protection facilities and rescue capabilities. Selecting a Huizhou architecture and its surrounding buildings as research objects, FDS was used to establish a fire model, and simulate the fire scene. Relevant improvement measures and suggestions that are more feasible were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on fire extinguishing characteristics on lithium ion battery under normal pressure and low pressure SHEN Jun-jie, WANG Hai-bin, HE Yuan-hua, CHEN Xian-tao 2020, 39 (6):  799-802.  Abstract ( 1813 )   The fire extinguishing characteristics of the gas extinguishing agent on 18650 ternary lithium ion batteries fire in the low- pressure of air cargo and normal- pressure environment was researched. Based on the low- pressure experimental chamber and the gas fire extinguishing system, perfluorohexanone was used to extinguish the thermal runaway of lithium ion batteries at 101 kPa of normal pressure and 30 kPa of low pressure. Fire extinguishing phenomenon and temperature changes were recorded and changes in relevant gas components in the air were analyzed. The results showed that thermal runaway under normal pressure manifests as outward deflagration and continuous open flame combustion, thus prolonging the fire extinguishing time. The low-pressure and low-oxygen concentration environment slowed the thermal runaway combustion exothermic reaction of the lithium ion batteries and helped control the peak temperature, improved the efficiency of fire extinguishing. In the process of fire extinguishing, the extinguishing agent would increase the consumption of oxygen, and the oxygen consumption at low pressure is greater than normal pressure. The internal reaction and secondary combustion of the batteries are more sufficient under normal pressure, releasing more heat outward and generating more carbon dioxide, while more carbon monoxide is produced at low pressure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the atomization characteristics of fine water under different pressure CHEN Qing, WEI Xue, CHEN Guang, WANG Zhi-gang, LI Guang-jun, CHEN Peng 2020, 39 (6):  803-806.  Abstract ( 1801 )   In order to study the atomization characteristics of water mist and analyze the influence of pressure on the characteristic parameters of water mist field quantitatively, computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to analyze the particle size distribution, velocity distribution and concentration distribution of water mist field under different pressure.High- speed camera technology and laser particle size analysis technology were used to verify the simulation research of the characteristic parameters of water mist field. The results showed that after the fluid was injected into the continuous phase air from the nozzle, the spray pattern remained conical. The velocity of the external flow field of the water mist in the center of the section was the largest, and decreased gradually to the edge. The number of particles under the nozzle was the largest. With the increase of the horizontal distance from the nozzle, the number of particles decreased gradually. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the radiation-activated sprinkler WANG Jian-qiang, LI Yi, XIA Jian-jun, YU Dong-xing 2020, 39 (6):  807-809.  Abstract ( 1772 )   To solve the limitation of traditional closed sprinkler installation, the heat absorption mode of traditional closed sprinkler is analyzed, the reason why the traditional closed sprinkler cannot effectively absorb radiant heat is revealed. According to the basic principle of radiant heat, a method to improve the absorption of radiant heat by the temperature sensing element of the sprinkler is proposed, and the radiant heat start- up sprinkler is designed and developed.In order to verify the start- up advantages of the radiant heat start- up sprinkler, tests of radiant heat source and oil pan fire are conducted, and the start- up performance of the radiant heat start- up sprinkler and the traditional closed sprinkler was compared. The results show that the radiant heat start- up sprinkler can be started by absorbing the radiant heat when it is unable to conduct convection heat exchange with the hot flue gas. This paper analyzes and summarizes the factors that affect the start- up speed of sprinkler and the heat exchange of radiant heat start- up sprinkler under the actual fire conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on fire detection algorithm based on multi-sensor fusion CHEN Pei-hao, , XIAO Duo , LI Chen-hui 2020, 39 (6):  810-813.  Abstract ( 1866 )   Aiming at the delayed response and missing alarm problems of traditional fire detection, we propose a fire detection algorithm based on multi- sensor fusion. Firstly, a algorithm combined with motion detection and color detection is adopted to extract the candidate fire regions of visible light images and a threshold segmentation algorithm is used to extract the candidate fire regions of infrared images. Secondly,the algorithm extracts the dynamic and static characteristics of both candidate fire regions. Finally, the fusion fire identification based on SVM is adopted accroding to the acquired features and the real- time temperature and smoke concentration are detected by sensor simultaneously to achieve reliable and rapid fire detection. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy and robustness in an acceptable time range. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of fire evacuation system based on improved ant colony algorithm and Internet of Things ZHUANG Hai-yan 2020, 39 (6):  813-817.  Abstract ( 1838 )   Aiming at the problems of large public buildings having complex structures and difficult fire evacuation, a dynamic fire evacuation system was built based on improved ant colony algorithm. The three different stages of the fire were analyzed. The optimal dynamic fire evacuation path was obtained. By mathematical simulation, the algorithm was compared with other algorithms, and the effectiveness was verified. Combining with the Internet of Things, the mobile terminal fire evacuation was designed on the Android platform. The system can guide the users to evacuate in real time and reach the safety exit quickly. The experimental results showed that the large- scale public building fire evacuation system designed can quickly and accurately find the optimal evacuation path and improve the fire evacuation efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of safety inspection and emergency training system for oil depot based on virtual reality technology WAN Jing, ZHENG Yue, LI Yong-hui, MEI Hui-wei, LIN Lan-fang 2020, 39 (6):  818-821.  Abstract ( 1848 )   An oil depot safety inspection and emergency training system based on VR technology is proposed to solve the problems of safety inspection and emergency training. The system utilizes VR development engine, applies 3D Max, Unity 3D and Visual Studio and other development software to complete 3D scenarios building and visualization of the oil depot, furthermore, achieves highly realistic picture effects by HD scriptable render pipeline technology, so as to realize dynamic simulation of various application scenarios such as realistic three- dimensional roaming, knowledge learning, safety inspection and typical fire accident emergency drill. The application results show that the system can effectively improve the oil depot safety inspection and emergency training. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and flame retardant properties of temperature-sensitive hydrogels MA Li , HUAGN Xiao , YANG Yuan-bo , XUE Meng-hua , FAN Xin-li 2020, 39 (6):  821-824.  Abstract ( 1950 )   The temperature- sensitive hydrogels were prepared by methyl cellulose (MC), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium chloride (NaCl) as raw materials, and the flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was added to this system. The mass fraction ratio of the material system was optimized as MC∶PEG∶NaCl∶APP = 1.3∶5.0∶5.0∶1.5. LCST was measured at 58 ℃ by tube inversion method. The structure of hydrogels was characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT- IR), and the thermal stability and flame retardancy of hydrogels were measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and cone calorimeter. Experimental results showed that there is no chemical action in the mixture system of materials. Comparing with untreated boards and water- soaked boa-rds, the initiation time and peak occurrence time of the heat release rate of the board soaked in the temperature- sensitive hydrogel were significantly delayed. Compared with untreated wood, the ignition time of wood boards immersed in temperature- sensitive hydrogel was delayed by 76 s, the peak time of the first and second heat release rate was delayed by 83 s and 269 s, respectively, indicating that the temperature- sensitive hydrogel under the preparation system had good flame retardant performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the spreading behavior of fluorine surfactant LIU Quan-yi, LUO Yu-zhen, JIA Xu-hong, ZHU Xin-hua 2020, 39 (6):  825-827.  Abstract ( 1760 )   As the core components of environmental AFFF, one dimensional spreading performance of four carbon chain surfactant (FC- 4) solutions on cyclohexane, n- heptane, aviation kerosene, solvent oil and 0# diesel were studied. A certain amount of FC- 4 surfactant and 1- hexanesulfonic acid sodium were mixed in the ratio of 1∶1, and the FC-4 solution with concentration of 20 mmol/L was prepared according to CMC value of the compound system. The relationship between spreading length and time of liquid film at 25 ℃ was obtained and was fitted by power exponential function of L=mtn . The relationship between spreading length and spreading time of surfactant solution on different oil surface was obtained. By calculating, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between experimental values and theoretical values are less than 1.43, which shows a good agreement with experimental values and theoretical values. The power exponent function can be used to predict the spreading process of surfactant solution on fuel oil. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of extremely cold weather on the efficiency of fire fighting and rescue and the countermeasures DAI Xu-ri, ZHAO Bo 2020, 39 (6):  828-830.  Abstract ( 1833 )   In order to improve the effectiveness of fire fighting and rescue in extremely cold weather, the fire fighting and rescue operation ability of fire commanders and soldiers and the anti freezing situation of fire fighting and rescue equipment in Daxinganling area of Heilongjiang Province were investigated, the difficulty of fire fighting and rescue was analyzed, and the countermeasures for fire fighting and rescue such as strengthening early warning and prediction, training and drill, low temperature guarantee, water source management and equipment development were proposed, and the reasonable suggestions were put forward for further improving the operational efficiency and operational safety of fire fighting and rescue in extremely cold weather. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on influencing factors of path integration ability under non-visual conditions ZHAO Wei, QIN Hua, GAO Xiao-tong, WANG Chuan-tao 2020, 39 (6):  831-835.  Abstract ( 1753 )   In order to explore the factors influencing the ability of firefighters to integrate the path in the process of indoor fire search and rescue in a non-visual environment, design experiments to simulate the dark indoor environment of the fire, analyze and compare the number of teams, the forward posture and the complexity of the spatial layout due to the influence of location, the best indoor rescue method is proposed to improve the safety and work efficiency of firefighters in the search and rescue process. The research results show that in a simple spatial layout, firefighters can complete indoor search and rescue tasks in a dark environment more safely and efficiently through teamwork and adopting an upright forward posture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on promoting the integrated development of non-governmental emergency rescue forces and national comprehensive fire and rescue force YANG Hua, LI Guo-hui 2020, 39 (6):  836-839.  Abstract ( 1953 )   The current situation and problems in the development of Non- governmental emergency rescue forces are analyzed. The specific measures to promote the integrated development of non- governmental emergency rescue forces and national comprehensive fire and rescue force are discussed. The discussion on the specific measures provides a useful reference for further building an integrated and coordinated emergency rescue force system in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on emergency decision of fire accident in old industrial building reconstruction project PAN Meng-zhen, GUO Cheng-gong, YUAN Yong-fu 2020, 39 (6):  840-844.  Abstract ( 1772 )   In order to solve the problem that the effective emergency measures cannot be produced quickly because of the high uncertainty of fire accident in the renovation project of old industrial buildings,in view of the phenomenon that the decision process is relatively single and the objectivity is insufficient in the previous decision scheme determination research,on the basis of the frame representation of renovation project fire accidents, on the one hand,the C- OWA operator is applied to the calculation of attribute weight of heterogeneous information in order to determine the similar case set satisfying the similarity threshold more objectively.On the other hand,the scheme attribute evaluation and comprehensive ranking are carried out to select the optimal emergency scheme corresponding to the similar case set. The practical significance of this method is illustrated by an example. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling and application of leakage liquid influence range based on oil tank corrosion HE Juan-xia, ZHOU Qi-yong, MA Ye, ZHOU Dong-mei, LIU Lei, LI Chun-hua, ZHAN Yong-zhong 2020, 39 (6):  845-849.  Abstract ( 1761 )   The causes of corrosion in the three- phase area for the storage tank (oily sewage area, oil phase area, gas phase area) were analyzed and summarized,then the areas that are liable to corrosion and leakage were determined. The affected range model of released liquid after corrosion of tank was established. Taking the leakage of oily sewage area in a gasoline tank of an oil depot as an example, the involved area of released liquid was calculated and analyzed to provide basis for determining safety protection distance and emergency rescue of oil tank leakage. Compared with oil- phase area and gas- phase area, the oil- bearing sewage area has serious corrosion on the inner wall of the tank. Compared with the oil- gas interface, the oil-bearing sewage oil interface is corroded seriously. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on deflagration risk of typical oil gas/mist in electric power industry ZHENG Qiu-yu, LIU Lin , WU Bao-lin , WANG Xu 2020, 39 (6):  849-851.  Abstract ( 1778 )   In order to understand the deflagration risk of transformer oil indepth,the deflagration characteristic of 45# fresh and waste transformer oil was studied by combustible gas/vapor explosion test system and flammable liquid droplet deflagration test system. The results showed that as the temperature rises from 115 ℃ to 150 ℃ , the lower explosion limit of oil gas decrease, and the risk of deflagration increases; When the temperature is constant, as the injection pressure rises from 0.8 MPa to 2.4 MPa,the particle size of oil droplet decreases, the duration of deflagration increases, and the risk of deflagrationupgrades;The deflagration risk of fresh transformer oil is greater. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on security response of gas leakage in gas cabin of utility tunnel MA Bo-yang, XU Shu-hui, LI Lei, HAO Qing-ru, XU Rong-ji, FENG Cui-min 2020, 39 (6):  852-856.  Abstract ( 1770 )   The security response after gas leakage in the utility tunnel was analyzed and studied by simulation based on Fluent and verified by experiment. The results show that when gas leakage occurs in the utility tunnel and the gas detector alarms, the ventilation system is started and the pipeline pressure is reduced to 0.4 MPa. It can be repaired online after 150 s ventilation; if the concentration of alarm is lower than the cut- off concentration with the cut- off concentration set to be 45% of the lower explosive limit, the pipeline pressure will continue to be reduced to 0.08 MPa, and the pipeline pressure will be repaired on-line after 150 s of ventilation; if the concentration of the alarm is higher than the cut-off concentration, the emergency cut-off will be carried out. The pipeline will be repaired after ventilation for 310 s. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence of group panic on non-adaptive evacuation behavior of passengers during a subway fire WANG Jian-guo, FAN Yi-yang, LIU Ying, YAN Tao 2020, 39 (6):  856-859.  Abstract ( 1786 )   In order to obtain the law of the influence of group panic on passengers’non- adaptive evacuation behavior during a sudden subway fire, passengers of Xi'an subway were taken as the research object, and the group panic scale was designed. The group panic scale was divided into four dimensions: fire information recognition ability, group convergence effect, stress environment stimulation and fire accident severity. Panic mood was introduced as an intermediary variable. Assumptions was presented about the effect of group panic on non- adaptive evacuation behavior, theoretical model was constructed by SEM, and then the scale data was used to empirically test the model. Finally, the model results was derived and explained. The main conclusions are as follows: the stress environment stimulation and the fire accident severity are the main factors leading to the non- adaptive evacuation behavior of passengers; The group convergence effect and the fire information recognition ability also affect non-adaptive evacuation behavior. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of social force model based on fuzzy rules and restrictive conditions LIU Shi-song, MA Hong-yan 2020, 39 (6):  860-864.  Abstract ( 1766 )   In order to improve the effectiveness of crowd behavior simulation, this paper improves the social force model based on the characteristics of crowd behavior. Firstly, in view of the problem that the speed jump will occur during the simulation of social force model is inconsistent with the actual situation, the social force model is modified considering the actual situation of human movement and combining with the human bearing capacity. Secondly, aiming at the phenomenon of multiple collisions and velocity oscillations in simulation, fuzzy rules are used to optimize the personnel range coefficient in social force model, so as to give full play to the subjective initiative of personnel. The results show that the optimized model can effectively reduce the number of collisions and velocity oscillation. Finally, based on the analysis of the above optimization results, a hybrid- modified model is established based on restrictive conditions and fuzzy rules. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of evolution path of major disaster based on scenario element TAO Yi-xi, XIA Deng-you, XIN Jing 2020, 39 (6):  865-869.  Abstract ( 1835 )   In order to facilitate the normalization of scenario representation and the accuracy of evolution path analysis of major disasters, according to the characteristics of disaster distribution with spatial clustering and temporal clustering, this paper proposes a scenario analysis method based on scenario elements. On the basis of defining the concepts of scenario and scenario element, the knowledge element theory is used to identify the feature elements and represent the scenario element. By analyzing the relationship between the characteristic elements and the path relationship of the evolution of scenario elements, construct the chain relationship map of the evolution of major disasters. Taking the Dalian“7·16” oil depot fire as an example, the feasibility of the method is verified. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the current situation and countermeasures of opening fire "life passage" HE Zhao-yu 2020, 39 (6):  869-871.  Abstract ( 2041 )   In view of the occupation and blocking of fire fighting passageway in residential fire, combined with the actual situation in Hangzhou city, this paper analyzes the severe situation of the blocking of fire fighting "life passageway", analyzes the problems and difficulties in opening fire fighting "life passageway", and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for opening fire fighting "life passageway". Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the current situation of emergency management talents training in China SUN Yu-ping, ZHAO Guo-min, GAO Tian-bao, ZHANG Jing 2020, 39 (6):  872-875.  Abstract ( 1796 )   The basic connotation of the cultivation of emergency management talents was summarized. A survey was carried out on the talent cultivation of 7 universities centering on the curriculum setting, practical teaching and textbook construction. The results show that the curriculum settings reflect the regional or industry characteristics of each university,the professional knowledge structure is quite different,the interdisciplinary skills training needs to be further improved,and the construction of textbooks on public platforms is still weak. Suggestions are put forward from the aspects of top- level design, training program preparation, curriculum system design and practice base construction,providing better training opportunities for emergency management talents. Related Articles | Metrics

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The investigation and analysis of the personnel retention volume in large-scale commercial multifunctional building LIAO Zhi-qiang 2020, 39 (6):  875-878.  Abstract ( 1792 )   Based on the black box theory, focused on the personnel retention volume of large- scale commercial multifunctional building, this paper chooses a typical commercial multifunctional building as the research object, investigated the personnel retention volume in the working days for one year, then, using the MATLAB software to fit the relationship between the retention volume and the time. The results showed that the retention volume of the working days showed a linear growth, then stable, rapid growth, and finally decayed quickly. The amount of retention volume essentially equal between Monday to Thursday. On Friday, the amount of the retention volume was basically equal with other working days before 17:30, after which there will be a high phenomenon. The peak value of the personnel retention occurred at about 20:00 during the normal working day. According to the relevant data fitting ,obtain the personnel retention experience formula of the normal working day. Related Articles | Metrics

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Statistics and trend analysis of industrial dust explosion accidents in China LIU Zhen-tang, ZHOU Xi-fang, LIN Song, LI Xiao-liang, QIAN Ji-fa, GU Zhou-jie 2020, 39 (6):  879.  Abstract ( 3818 )   This paper makes a statistical analysis of the dust explosion accident in China from 2005 to 2018, studies the characteristics of accident-related factors such as space, time, number of accidents and dust types, and summarizes the general law of dust explosion accidents in China. Statistics show that China's dust explosion accidents are mostly in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other industrial developed areas; summer and winter, shift time and the decline of human body fitness period have high incidence of accidents; metal dust, wood dust and food dust is the main dust explosion, of which metal dust is the main category of dust explosion accidents, and the proportion of accidents was as high as 45.24%. The results of the study are helpful to prevent and control dust explosion accidents and promote the safe production of industrial production in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cause identification and analysis of a production safety accident JIN Wei 2020, 39 (6):  883-886.  Abstract ( 1885 )   Against a fire broke out in a company at Changchun, the process of investigation and obtaining evidence, expert identification and comprehensive analysis are recorded. The accident course, accident cause, as well as the identification of the nature of the accident are introduced. By analyzing the causes of the accident, deeply considers the problems exposed by this production safety accident, and puts forward measures to strengthen the work of production safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of the fire scene pyrolytic products on the test results WANG Li-chun, LIU Wen-wen, WANG Bing 2020, 39 (6):  886-889.  Abstract ( 1761 )   Analyzes the influence of pyrolytic products in the fire scene on the test results in the case of gasoline arson. The residual components of gasoline in the combustion products were extracted and desorbed.The main components of gasoline were analyzed and detected by gas chromatography- mass spectrometer.The distribution and change rule of components before and after the combustion of gasoline and the interference of common polymer materials in the fire field on gasoline identification were analyzed through combustion test. The results showed that the light components of gasoline decrease and the heavy components increase relatively after combustion. The polymer materials in the fire field mainly produce C9 ~C1 2 straight chain or branched alkanes and benzene series after cracking, while naphthalene series and indene series produce are relatively less. The emphasis of inspection and identification is on extraction, and the difficulty is in result judgment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The analysis of combustible gas explosion accident in confined space WANG Xian-jie 2020, 39 (6):  890-892.  Abstract ( 1904 )   Against a gas leakage and explosion occurred in a Japanese restaurant in Shenzhen, the fire investigation was conducted. Based on the analysis of the explosion cause, explosion process and shock wave release of the accident, combined with the experimental research data of others, this thesis summarizes the general law of gas leakage and explosion in confined space, and provides reference for the prevention, rescue and investigation of such accidents. Related Articles | Metrics