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15 December 2024, Volume 43 Issue 12 Previous Issue   

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Research progress on firefighting protective equipment for firefighters Liu Ye, Wang Junsheng, Jin Xing, Wang Hongyang, Lu Chao, Chen Xiaozheng, Xia Jianjun 2024, 43 (12):  1636-1645.  Abstract ( 1000 )   Against the backdrop of increasing natural disasters and accelerated urbanization, fire accidents are becoming more frequent. Reasonable use of firefighting and protective equipment is crucial for protecting the personal safety of frontline firefighters and improving rescue efficiency. This article reviews the research trends of firefighting protective clothing, firefighting helmets, firefighting headgear, respiratory protective equipment, firefighting gloves, and firefighting boots for firefighters over the past 10 years. It focuses on the application of new materials in the various layers of firefighting protective clothing and innovative research in structural design. Summarized and analyzed the existing problems of heavy firefighting protective equipment, poor breathability, and poor comfort for firefighters, as well as the lack of protective equipment in extreme environments and the shortcomings of equipment in intelligence, integration, and compatibility. Finally, prospects for the full lifecycle research of firefighting and protective equipment for firefighters were proposed from the aspects of new materials and technologies application, equipment ergonomics, real-life simulation evaluation methods, standardization, and post retirement recycling. Related Articles | Metrics

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The review of ergonomic assessment for firefighters' personal protective equipment Li Panpan, He Ruidong, Li Ying, Si Yang, Yu Jianyong 2024, 43 (12):  1646-1657.  Abstract ( 838 )   The ergonomics of personal protective equipment (PPE) involves complex interactions between the equipment, the human body, and the environment. It plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of firefighters and enhancing their operational efficiency. A key challenge in evaluating PPE ergonomics lies in the precise quantification of the impact of equipment on human function and performance in specific environments. Effective quantitative analysis depends on the accurate measurement of kinematic, dynamic, and physiological parameters while the equipment is worn. Recent advancements in evaluation technologies have led to significant progress in ergonomics research, particularly in areas such as joint mobility, balance ability, and biomechanics. This paper outlines an ergonomic evaluation framework, systematically reviews existing methods, and summarizes their current state. Furthermore, it anticipates future trends in ergonomic evaluation methodologies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on key performance evaluation techniques for fire gloves Yu Dongxing, Li Zhixin, Huo Mingshuai, Xia Jianjun 2024, 43 (12):  1658-1663.  Abstract ( 34 )   The article reviews the research progress of firefighting protective gloves evaluation technology in recent years, which aims to comprehensively evaluate the key properties of firefighting protective gloves, such as thermal protection, grip and dexterity, and quantitatively analyze the impact of protective gloves on hand protection and mobility, so as to better improve its evaluation technology. By reviewing and analyzing the research progress of standard test methods, related requirements and evaluation techniques at home and abroad, the article summarizes the technical progress of key properties of protective gloves, such as thermal protection performance, grip and flexibility, combs the problems that still need to be solved in the evaluation technology, clarifies the future research direction, promotes the development of the next generation of hand protective equipment, and provides guidance for the evaluation technology of fire protection gloves in the field of fire protection equipment in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in sports biomechanics in the performance evaluation of firefighter protective equipment Fu Haiyu, Wang Hongyang, Li Tingting, Chen Xiaozheng, Jin Xing, Wang Junsheng 2024, 43 (12):  1664-1669.  Abstract ( 56 )   Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important mean to ensure the safe operation of firefighters and rescue personnel, and its ergonomics evaluation has also become a research hotspot at home and abroad. This paper describes the current research status of sports biomechanics in the field of firefighter protective equipment performance evaluation from the current situation of biomechanical evaluation technology and its advantages and disadvantages, and the application of adaptive application of protective equipment, respectively. It systematically analyses the research status of pressure sensing, surface electromyography and motion capture technology on the performance of torso protection, hand protection, foot protection, head protection and other equipment. Different working environments and human body shapes affect the performance evaluation of firefighters' protective equipment, and future research needs to further explore the relationship between the indicators, simulate the real working conditions, and comprehensively reveal the key mechanisms affecting the performance of protective equipment, so as to provide a reference for further improving the adaptation of protective equipment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and development of dry water rescue suit Yang Ling, Xu Huanhuan, Liu Changqi, Zhu Yanyan 2024, 43 (12):  1670-1674.  Abstract ( 41 )   This paper provides a systematic overview of the current development status of dry water rescue suits, with a focus on exploring material selection, structural design, and practical applications. Combined with application scenarios and ergonomic principles, this paper analyzes the current application status of key materials such as waterproof and breathable composite fabrics and reinforcement materials, explores the impact of structural design on the safety, functionality, and comfort of dry water rescue suits in depth. Finally, this paper provides prospects for further breakthroughs in material innovation, design optimization, and broad applications of dry water rescue suits in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status and prospects of personal cooling equipments Yan Qingshuai, Jiang Xiaomeng, Shen Hua, Xu Guangbiao 2024, 43 (12):  1675-1682.  Abstract ( 32 )   In order to enhance the life safety and combat capability of firefighters, and with the continuous deepening of research on high-efficiency refrigeration related technologies, research on new personal cooling equipment is constantly advancing. This article mainly summarizes the classification, basic concepts, cooling principles, and advantages and disadvantages of passive and active personal cooling equipment in practical applications. It also looks forward to the future development trends of personal cooling equipment from three directions: comfort quantification design, functional and intelligent composite, and integrated quantification evaluation. This provides a basis for the research and application of personal cooling equipment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the application of aerogels in fire prevention and suppression Wang Yichen, Li Sicheng, Wang Xuebao 2024, 43 (12):  1683-1689.  Abstract ( 66 )   Aerogel is a new type of nanoporous lightweight solid material with excellent thermal insulation and adsorption properties, which shows a wide range of application prospects in many fields of national economy. In this paper, the heat insulation mechanism and adsorption mechanism of aerogel are briefly describes. Then the research progress of the application of aerogel in the field of fire prevention and fire extinguishing in recent years is reviewed from three aspects: fireproof and heat preservation materials, fireproof and thermal insulation materials, and aerogel fire extinguishing agents. It also pointed out the problems of aerogel application in fire prevention and extinguishing, such as high preparation cost, large amount of organic solvent and poor mechanical properties, etc., and made an outlook on the future development direction of aerogel application research in fire prevention and extinguishing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and research of the sweat sensing fabric for heat exhaustion warning Li Ming, Gong Dapeng, Wang Hang, Tian Mingwei 2024, 43 (12):  1690-1694.  Abstract ( 770 )   Heat exhaustion is a common disease of firefighters, mainly manifested by the loss of body fluids and electrolytes, leading to the failure of peripheral vascular circulation, and then life‒threatening. In this work, a multi‒channel electrochemical sweat sensing fabric was designed. The preparation methods of pH, sodium ion and potassium ion sensor fibers were studied, and their sensing properties to sweat components were analyzed. The results show that the pH, sodium ion and potassium ion sensors based on fiber materials show good sensitivity, linearity and anti‒interference. Among them, the sensitivity of pH sensor fiber is 53.33 mV pH‒1, the sensitivity of sodium ion sensor fiber is 30.83 mV dec‒1, and the sensitivity of potassium ion sensor fiber is 49.16 mV dec‒1, which provides an effective guarantee for preventing heat exhaustion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and performance of spunlace polyimide non-woven fabric for high-grade chemical protective clothing fabrics Li Junmei, Ban Demao, Shen Hua, Liu Lifang 2024, 43 (12):  1695-1700.  Abstract ( 37 )   Polyimide (PI) staple fiber was used as raw material to prepare non-woven fabrics by spunlace process, in order to be used as the skeleton layer of high-grade chemical protective clothing fabrics. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), electronic fabric strength machine, fabric flame retardant performance tester, etc., were used to study the effects of unit area mass (gram weight) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, flame retardant and chemical stability properties of non-woven fabrics. The results show that the non-woven fabric with a gram weight of 100 g/m2 has good comprehensive properties, and has a longitudinal breaking strength of 448 N and a cross breaking strength of 102 N. It has excellent high/low temperature resistance. There is no continuous combustion and smoldering phenomenon, no melt droplet dripping, and the longitudinal and transverse damage length is less than 2 mm, which has excellent flame retardant performance. It still has good mechanical properties after being soaked in 30% hydrochloric acid, 40% nitric acid and 20% sodium hydroxide. In summary, the preparation of polyimide non-woven fabrics by spunlace process as the skeleton layer of chemical protective clothing has significant advantages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of multifunctional polyester cotton blended fabric integrating flame retardancy and antibacterial properties Zhang Liyao, Song Wanmeng, Liu Yun 2024, 43 (12):  1701-1708.  Abstract ( 41 )   In this study, a P/N synthesized flame retardant, POC, was prepared by reacting collagen with phosphenylic acid (PPOA), and used to improve the flame retardancy of polyester cotton blended fabrics (PTCO) by the dip‒drying method. A detailed study was conducted on the microstructure, thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion behavior, mechanical properties, antibacterial properties, and flame‒retardant mechanism of finished PTCO. The scanning electron microscope images indicated that POC was uniformly deposited on the surface of PTCO. The Rmax of PTCO/POC under air atmosphere decreased by 20.3%, and the char residues at 700 ℃ increased from 0.6% to 3.3%. PTCO/POC can self‒extinguish, with an afterflame time and afterglow time of 0 s, a damaged length of 7.8 cm, and an LOI value of 28.2%. In cone calorimeter test, the time to ignition was extended from 26 s to 35 s, and the peak heat release rate and total heat release values were decreased by 33.8% and 23.6%, respectively. In addition, the breaking force of PTCO/POC was increased from 725 N of PTCO/PPOA to 810 N, remaining 88.1% of the breaking force compared with that of PTCO. The antibacterial rates of PTCO/POC against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus both reached 99.99%. In summary, PTCO/POC owned better flame retardancy and antibacterial properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the influencing factors of the thermal protection performance and comfort performance of the forest fire extinguishing clothing fabric Zhang Xiwen, Fan Zhengke, Jin Xing, Liu Hai, Lv Huan, Guo Jing, Wang Junsheng 2024, 43 (12):  1709-1713.  Abstract ( 582 )   Regarding the insufficient thermal protection and comfort performance of forest fire‒proof clothing fabrics, a systematic study on the radiant heat protection and comfort performance of different fiber ratios, areal densities, single‒layer, double‒layer and coated fabrics was conducted, and the flame‒retardant performance, radiant heat protection performance, moisture permeability, air permeability, moisture resistance and thermal resistance of the samples were tested. The results show that the radiant heat protection performance of forest fire‒proof clothing fabrics is affected by raw materials, fabric structure and thickness. Due to the different crimps of the double‒layer fabric structure, the air cavities generated can effectively increase the radiant heat protection value. The thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the double‒layer fabric are greater than those of the single‒layer fabric, but its air permeability and moisture permeability are better than those of the single‒layer fabric; moisture resistance and thermal resistance are positively correlated with the thickness and air cavity size of the fabric; the flame‒retardant silicone coating can significantly improve the thermal protection value of the fabric, but its comfort is poor. In the design of lightweight forest fire‒proof clothing fabrics, attention should be paid to the balance between radiant heat protection performance and comfort performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties study of MXene/aramid fire warning aerogel fiber Xu Jie, Wang Lili, Shao Yiwei, He Hualing, Yu Zhicai 2024, 43 (12):  1714-1718.  Abstract ( 36 )   In order to develop a flexible composite material for fire warning, MXene/aramid aerogel fibers for fire warning were successfully prepared by microfluidic spinning and freeze-drying using aramid nanofibers as the substrate. Scanning electron microscopy, vertical combustion test and fire warning test were used to explore the surface morphology, thermoelectric and thermal stability of fibers with different MXene mass fraction and before/after polymerization of PPy. The results show that, with the increase of MXene content, the conductivity and mechanical properties of composite fibers also increase. When the MXene mass fraction reaches 40%, the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of the composite fibers can reach 1 372.76 s/m and 1.36 MPa, respectively. At the same time, based on the unique Seebeck effect of thermoelectric materials, the fire warning aerogel fiber can accurately sense the temperature in the temperature range of 100~300 ℃, and can also generate a voltage of 1.89 mV within 3.5 s after contact with the flame without external power supply, triggering the early warning, providing timely evacuation signals for people. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and acid and alkali resistance of hydrophobic coated fabrics for the outer layer of firefighting clothing Xiao Yangyang, Shi Peiyu, Sun Bingbing, Wang Ni 2024, 43 (12):  1719-1725.  Abstract ( 25 )   In order to cope with the complex environment faced during emergency rescue missions and meet the increasing demand for hydrophobic and acid alkali resistant properties of special protective clothing in extreme scenarios, it is imperative to develop fabrics with such functions. This study uniformly mixed chemically stable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with modified aluminum tripolyphosphate (ATP) to prepare a well dispersed PTFE ATP acid and alkali resistant agent. Through a two‒step impregnation coating method, PTFE ATP and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were sequentially loaded onto the surface of the outer fabric of firefighting suits, and their surface morphology, wetting properties, surface solid liquid adhesion, acid and alkali resistance, thermal stability, breathability, and moisture permeability were characterized. The results showed that a dense and rough PDMS/PTFE‒ATP coating was formed on the surface of the fabric, exhibiting excellent hydrophobicity (contact angle of (151.92±1.34)°), extremely low adhesion between solid and liquid interfaces, and acid and alkali resistance (pH 1~14, contact angle of about 150°). No serious erosion or penetration was observed after 1 hour of contact with 96% concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or 30% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The loading of PDMS/PTFE‒ATP coating has little effect on the thermal stability and moisture permeability of the fabric, and the modified fabric still maintains or even outperforms the commonly used outer layer fabric of firefighting suits in China in terms of breathability. This provides an environmentally friendly, innovative, and practical solution to address the threat of acid and alkali erosion on the outer fabric of firefighting suits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the flame retardant and puncture resistant properties of polyurea/aramid composite fabrics Zhao Yuncheng, Wang Xingyu, Zhao Bin 2024, 43 (12):  1726-1730.  Abstract ( 23 )   To enhance the puncture resistance of aramid fabric, a self-synthesized polyurethane with intrinsic flame-retardant properties and a slow reaction rate was used as the coating matrix in the finishing treatment. The polyurea/aramid composite fabric was prepared using a coating method. The chemical structures of the latent curing agent and flame-retardant polyurea were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The thermal stability, flame-retardant properties, microstructure, and puncture resistance of the composite fabric were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, limiting oxygen index tests, polarizing microscopy, puncture testing instruments, and a universal testing machine. The results indicated that while the aramid/polyurea fabric was initially flammable, its flame-retardant performance improved with an increasing proportion of phosphorus-containing polyols in the polyurea matrix. When the proportion of phosphorus-containing polyols reached 21%, the polyurea/aramid composite fabric self-extinguished in the vertical burning test, with a char length of only 2.1 cm and a limiting oxygen index of 28.5%, qualifying it as a flame-retardant fabric. Moreover, the polyurea coating significantly enhanced the puncture resistance of the aramid fabric. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of thermal wet comfort performance of the lining of firefighter protective clothing based on grey system theory Zhu Xuewei, Shi Yunlong, Zhang Jian, Qian Xiaoming 2024, 43 (12):  1731-1736.  Abstract ( 27 )   In order to understand and evaluate the thermal wet comfort performance of the lining of firefighter protective clothing, and to provide reference for their design and development，the thermal wet comfort performance of six types of lining commonly used for firefighter protective clothing in service was tested, and the comprehensive thermal wet comfort performance of the six types of lining for firefighter protective clothing was evaluated by using grey comprehensive evaluation, the degree of influence of each factor on the comfort was analyzed by using grey relational analysis. The results showed that the fabric with a bulging tubular structure, imported stoste Nomex fibers and high-performance flame retardant fibres, warp density of 375 roots/10 cm, weft density of 490 roots/10 cm, areal density of 140 g/m2, and thickness of 1.79 mm has the best comprehensive performance in terms of thermal wet comfort performance, with a premium degree of 0.958, which is the closest to 1. The air permeability has the greatest impact on the thermal wet comfort performance among the 8 test indexes for the fabrics. The relevance of the 8 test indexes to the premium degree is around 0.8, which is not much different. The thermal wet comfort performance of the lining of firefighter protective clothing is mainly related to the fabric structure, tightness, thickness and areal density. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the thermal comfort of cooling garments Jin Xing, 4, Cao Kai5, Wang Junsheng, Li Yayun5, Zhao Bi, Liu Lifang 2024, 43 (12):  1737-1744.  Abstract ( 30 )   Firefighters have to handle dangerous situations such as hazardous chemical accidents, firefighting, and rescue operations. They often wear protective clothing for extended periods and work in high-temperature environments, which can lead to heat stress such as heatstroke and heat exhaustion. This study focuses on two personal cooling systems-liquid cooling garments (LCG) and phase change materials cooling vests (PCM),and conducts experimental research on their effectiveness in reducing the thermal physiological response of human movement wearing airtight chemical protective clothing in a high-temperature environment of 35 ℃. The results indicated that ,comparing with only wearing chemical pratective clathing， both LCG and PCM are effective in reducing skin temperature, core temperature, heart rate, etc., thereby improving human thermal comfort. However, LCG offers better improvement in thermal comfort. Related Articles | Metrics

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Emergency rescuers’working efficiency assessment based on environmental conditions and physiological responses Yang Jie, Wang Qian, He Zhichao, Weng Wenguo 2024, 43 (12):  1745-1752.  Abstract ( 46 )   To improve emergency rescuers’ safety and disaster response capabilities, emergency rescuers’ working efficiency assessment and safety warning were investigated. Concentration prediction and hazard level classification models for toxic and flammable gases were proposed. The human vulnerability model was used to quantitatively determine the association between lethal factors, gas concentration, and exposure time. The genetic algorithm was back-calculated using a nonlinear Gaussian model to determine gas concentration distribution prediction and hazard level classification. A human thermal model used in a wide range of ambient temperatures in disaster environments, a multi-layer fabric heat and moisture transfer model, and a skin burn model were proposed to predict typical physiological responses, heat flux, and skin burn injuries. A multi-source information fusion model was developed to predict rescuers' working effectiveness level with human physiological, psychological, and cognitive inputs. Integrating the proposed series of models of environments and physiological responses, a software platform for emergency rescuers’ working efficiency and safety warning was developed to simulate gas concentration distribution, hazard level classification, physiological responses, skin burn time and level, working efficiency level, and safety warning. This study helps transform personal protective equipment from ‘passive protection’ to ‘active protection’, solves the issues of lack of a decision-making system and insufficient integration of multi-source information in emergency rescue, and provides theoretical and software support for scientific rescue. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sensing life safety rope design based on tension spandex elastic yarn sensor Shi Yang, Chen Jingren, Yu Pei, Tian Mingwei, Wang Hang, Gong Dapeng, Ding Yang 2024, 43 (12):  1753-1758.  Abstract ( 29 )   The life safety rope is the core stressed component of the fall protection equipment for fire service. But whether it has plastic deformation that affects the strength of the rope after the overload and fall cannot be judged by visual inspection, touch and other inspection methods during use. The tensile resistance spandex sensing yarn with high elasticity and good strain inductance characteristics is placed inside the safety rope after the spandex filament wrapping and coating process, and the stress transmission can be realized by synchronous force deformation with the rope. The resistance responsiveness and linearity of the sensing life safety rope were tested using a universal tensile tester and resistance acquisition device. The experimental results showed that the stress-strain-resistance signal of the sensing yarn is output lin⁃early in the elastic deformation range. The sensing yarn responds positively to applied tensile loads with a linearity of 0.988 56. In multiple stretching cycles, the sensing yarn has good stability. In the future, it can help firefighters determine the load situation in practice and simplify the calculation of rescue assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of lightweight type III winding composite cylinder for positive pressure firefighting air breathing apparatus Zhou Kai, Huang Huanwei, Lin Yongjia, Shi Liang 2024, 43 (12):  1759-1765.  Abstract ( 565 )   The overall weight of SCBA can cause great physical exertion on firefighters, causing the actual respiratory protection time to be greatly shortened. Not only will it seriously affect the efficiency of fire and rescue operations, but it may also create important safety hazards for firefighters' personal safety. This article introduces the development process and key technologies of a lightweight type III fully wrapped composite gas cylinder for SCBA. By optimizing the structure of the cylinder and using high-strength new materials, the mass of the cylinder is reduced by 22.3% compared with similar products, and the carrying capacity and safety of the cylinder are significantly improved, which significantly reduces the physiological burden on firefighters and prolongs the breathing of the respirator. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the liquid-tight performance of fire-fighting protective clothing based on image recognition technology Zhao Jiaxuan, Song Yuhan, 3, Liu Xiaoyong 2024, 43 (12):  1766-1771.  Abstract ( 29 )   To ensure the safety of special firefighting and rescue personnel in hazardous chemical accidents, this article uses a complete sprinkler test platform, and selects two typical models of chemical protective clothing, traditional firefighting clothing, and new firefighting clothing widely equipped by firefighting teams for parallel repeated tests. The area of the staining area is calculated using traditional grid statistics and image recognition methods, respectively. And use the fabric liquid tightness test platform to study the influence of different spraying pressures and spraying times on the liquid tightness performance of fire protection clothing. The results show that the relative error rate of the average staining area measured by image recognition methods and traditional grid statistical methods is less than 10%, verifying the accuracy and feasibility of computer image recognition methods in this field. As the spraying time and pressure increase, the dyeing area of traditional firefighting clothing fabrics increases, and the liquid tightness performance deteriorates, while new firefighting fabrics have better liquid tightness performance under the same conditions. The new type of firefighting suit fabric is a composite aramid woven fabric with a two-component PTFE film on the inner side and a silicone rubber coating on the outer layer. Compared with traditional firefighting suit fabrics, it has added composite film materials and silicone rubber coatings, which have stronger resistance to liquid penetration. Related Articles | Metrics

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An evaluation method of firefighter's working efficiency based on SVM-DS fusion algorithm Guan Aike, Yang Jie 2024, 43 (12):  1772-1777.  Abstract ( 46 )   To quantify the firefighter's working efficiency accurately and protect the firefighter's life safety in the fire rescue environment, the study improves the algorithm through a posterior probabilistic transformation of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), and proposes a working efficiency evaluation method based on the fusion of the SVM and the Dempster-Shafer(DS). First, the physiological and psychological parameters of firefighters' characteristics are extracted; Second, feature parameters are classified and predicted by SVM regression; Then, the predicted results are transformed into the basic probability assignments of DS evidence by a posteriori probability transformation; Finally, firefighter's working efficiency is evaluated in real time according to the DS evidence theory. The results show that the mean square error of SVM regression for predicting the heart rate of working efficiency parameter is 0.002, and the coefficient of determination is 0.95, which is better than that of BP neural network. The average absolute error of SVM-DS fusion algorithm for evaluation of working efficiency is 10.65%, and it can be better realized to evaluate firefighters' working efficiency in real time. The algorithm presented in this study can provide theoretical data for developing early warning system, determining the maximum safe working time, and realizing scientific rescue and enhancement of disaster response capability by effectively quantifying the working efficiency and evaluating it in real-time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of safety level of human physiological state under high-temperature and noise environment He Liu, Li Jian, Li Jun 2024, 43 (12):  1778-1783.  Abstract ( 47 )   In firefighting and rescue operations, firefighters must wear heavy fire suits and confront extreme working environments such as high temperatures and noise. Quantifying the safety level of human physiological status is a crucial issue for ensuring personnel safety. In this study, the method of physiological experiment is utilized. Four kinds of high temperature noise conditions were designed to measure 6 physiological indexes such as core temperature and skin temperature. The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was introduced, and three physiological state parameters (skin temperature, heart rate and systolic blood pressure) were selected by factor analysis according to the experimental results. The weights were determined by entropy weight method, and the safety level of human physiological state was finally evaluated quantitatively. The weight of heart rate and average skin temperature was relatively large. The influence of high temperature is more significant than that of noise. The combined effect of high temperature and noise on human body is more significant than that of single environmental factor. By using the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the safety level of human physiological status is qualified. Related Articles | Metrics