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15 November 2023, Volume 42 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research on fire fighting technology for UHV converter transformer based on lifting and spraying fire extinguishing robot Chen Tao, Zhang Peng, Zhang Jiaqing, Wang Yuwei, 2023, 42 (11):  1457-1461.  Abstract ( 511 )   In order to explore the effectiveness of compressed air foam aerial fire fighting robot in dealing with oil immersed transformer fires, this paper developed a 1：1 full-scale oil immersed transformer fire model, simulated the oil pool fire at the top of the main oil tank, 7 combustion holes, oil spill fire and bottom oil pool fire, and conducted a full-scale oil immersed transformer fire suppression test using a compressed air foam aerial fire fighting robot. The result shows that a compressed air foam aerial fire fighting robot with a flow rate of 1 200 L/min can extinguish the fire of full-scale oil immersed transformer, control the fire in 163 s, and completely extinguish the fire in 474 s without re burning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of density on the smoldering process and residues of cotton Yue Hailing, Guo Zidong 2023, 42 (11):  1462-1466.  Abstract ( 106 )   In order to study the smoldering of cotton in the processing and usage state, cotton with densities of 20, 40, 60, 80 kg/m3 were selected in this paper. The bottom heating method was used to carry out the experimental study. The effect of density on smoldering characteristics and residues was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of density, the porosity and air permeability coefficient of the sample change, so that the critical smoldering temperature increase by about 35 ℃, the spreading rate decrease by 50%～60%, and the smoldering duration increase from 2 500 s to 5 000 s. After smoldering, the shrinkage degree decreases and the collapse degree increases. The smoldering residue is a black flocculent covering the inner gray ash, and the ash volume increases with increasing density. The results can provide reference for the prevention and investigation of cotton smoldering fire. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the influence of cross wind load on the deformation and vibration characteristics of the boom of the ladder fire truck Liu Hongyong, Song Fei, Li Ziang, Wang Yushan, 2023, 42 (11):  1467-1471.  Abstract ( 434 )   The influence of cross wind on the deformation and vibration characteristics of the boom of the ladder fire truck is explored, finite element software was used to study the structural vibration law of ultra?high ladder boom under different wind speed conditions. The wind load deformation of the boom is mainly reflected in the swing of the auxiliary arm under the action of wind load, and the bending deformation caused by eccentric moment is mainly used. Under the combined action of external load and periodic internal stress, the boom produces a low?frequency source that excites the low?order mode of the boom. The deformation of the boom of the raised fire truck shows the characteristics of periodic vibration, and the vibration amplitude gradually increases with the increase of wind speed. Based on the research results, this paper proposes a solution that can provide ideas for the design of improved ladder fire trucks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on explosive pressure relief in 220 kV underground main transformer chamber Xie Fengwei, Wu Peihong, Chen Kai, Lv Dong, 2023, 42 (11):  1472-1476.  Abstract ( 79 )   High confinement of the underground substation could reduce severe explosion, scientific setting of pressure relief has become one of an important factor to ensure the safety of underground substations. The basic law of gas explosion in confined room under different combustible gas volumes and pressure relief areas were studied by small-scaled experiments. A computational fluid dynamics software FLACS was used to model the typical 220 kV underground substation and calculate the explosion overpressure of the combustible gas in the main transformer chamber by setting different gas masses and relief areas. The results show that the explosion overpressure will change from slow growth to sharp growth at a critical mass point with the increase of combustible gas mass. A nonlinear relationship between the critical mass of the leakage gas and the explosion overpressure can be discovered with the increase of the pressure relief area. A correlation of explosion overpressure and pressure relief area of 220 kV underground main transformer chamber is proposed. with the error about 11.27%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence of explosion relief position on explosion pressure for industrial bend pipe Tian Lei, Bi Haipu 2023, 42 (11):  1477-1481.  Abstract ( 80 )   In order to study the influence of explosion relief on the gas explosion parameters in bend pipe, the changing law of explo- sion pressure with opening states was analyzed based on experi- mental test and numerical simulation. The experimental results show that the maximum explosion pressure is 0.437 MPa at 4.727 m inside the elbow of the closed pipeline, and the maximum explosion pressure reduces by 13.5% after venting. The maximum influence point of the change of the position of the outlet on the explosion pressure is located at 4.772 m in the bend. When the ex- plosion vent is located at 4.757 m, the maximum explosion pressure reduces by 9.84% at 4.8 m, including the obvious discharge effect of the induced precursor wave in the early explosion stage and the weakening discharge effect due to the superposition and pressure accumulation of shock wave reflection in the later explosion stage. With the increase of the distance between the position of the venting and the ignition point, the maximum explosion pressure at the bend decreases then increases, showing the Gauss one-dimensional functions. The maximum explosion pressure in the bend pipe with relief explosion is lower than that of closed pipeline when it locates after 4.786 m. The maximum explosion pressure in the bend pipe which follows a exponential function that decreases monotonically with the increase of the distance between the ignition source. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on the characteristics and hazards of lithium⁃ion battery thermal runaway under various conditions Li Qian, Yu Jinshan, Liu Shengzhong, Zhu Guoqing 2023, 42 (11):  1482-1487.  Abstract ( 244 )   With the rapid development of the renewable and sustainable energy industry, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used as the electric energy storage media, but the fire safety issues have also become more serious. Battery disasters are essentially caused by internal heat release of side reactions, resulting in large amount of heat and combustible gases, which can further cause fire and explosion hazards. However, the evolution characteristics of thermal runaway are affected by many factors, which are mainly the internal state, structure of the battery and the external environment, and the differences of the evolution characteristics are significant under different conditions. This paper reviews the relevant research on the characteristics of battery thermal runaway under different internal/external factors, and key characteristics have been highlighted. Furthermore, research suggestions and prospects are proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on flame propagation rules of combustible gas explosion in steel storage cabinets for hazardous goods Li Shunbo, Xia Chenxi, Yue Chengjun 2023, 42 (11):  1488-1492.  Abstract ( 60 )   Conducted combustible gas explosion tests inside steel storage cabinets for hazardous goods, used FLACS to conduct numerical simulation research on the flame propagation of combustible gas explosion inside hazardous goods storage cabinets, and compared and analyzed the test results with the numerical simulation. The research results indicate that the flame propagation in the gas explosion test inside the steel storage tank is in good agreement with the numerical simulation calculation results. As the volume of the combustible gas increases, the internal flow field of the flame becomes more complex, and after the release plate is opened, the internal flame becomes more intense; External flames only appear when the combustible gas cloud inside the storage cabinet reaches a certain scale, and the amount of external flames emitted from the vent located further away from the gas cloud is greater than that from the vent located closer to the gas cloud. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of sealing conditions on the temperature distribution under the tunnel ceiling in inclined tunnel fires Zhang Han, Xu Liu, Wang Fei, Zhao Shengzhong 2023, 42 (11):  1493-1499.  Abstract ( 323 )   The model-scale experiment method was used to study the fire smoke diffusion and temperature distribution under the ceiling in an inclined tunnel with the upper or lower portal sealed, considering different sealing conditions, heat release rates and tunnel slopes. The results show that when the lower portal is sealed, the smoke layer is approximately parallel to the tunnel floor, and the slope has little effect on the maximum temperature rise. When the upper portal is sealed, the smoke layer interface is almost parallel, and the maximum temperature rise increases with the tunnel slope. The longitudinal temperature distribution under the ceiling in inclined tunnel fires exhibits exponential decay under different sealing conditions. The tunnel slope has a great influence on the temperature decay under the ceiling in upper-portal-sealed tunnels. On the contrary, the slope has little influence on the longitudinal temperature decay in lower-portal-sealed tunnels. Finally, some comprehensive empirical formulas are established to estimate the ceiling maximum temperature rise and the temperature decay taking sealing conditions, heat release rates and tunnel slopes into consideration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the evaluation method of personnel evacuation consequences considering the spatiotemporal evolution of offshore platform fire Wang Chen, Wang Tao, Wang Yanfu, Wang Yiru 2023, 42 (11):  1500-1505.  Abstract ( 66 )   Considering the temporal and spatial evolution of fire in offshore platform corridor and personnel emergency evacuation behavior, a dynamic evaluation method for personnel evacuation consequences of fire accidents was proposed, and the influence of the changes of heat release rate and soot yield on the injury consequences of evacuees was explored. The results show that the increase of heat release rate leads to the increasing of temperature and radiation values near the fire source, which directly leads to the increase of injury values and death probability of evacuees. The change of soot yield will affect the evacuation speed of personnel, and then affect the exposure time of personnel in the fire hazard, and indirectly affect the casualties of personnel evacuation. Finally, according to the consequences of casualties, the evacuation danger area is identified. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on fire behavior and fire protection design of hermetic pressurization building Zhang Kun, Wang Kaiqiang, Liu Zhimao, Ye Zhiwu 2023, 42 (11):  1506-1511.  Abstract ( 79 )   High altitude hermetic pressurization building is a new type of building structure which can effectively solve altitude reaction and other problems. But due to the indoor pressure greater than the ambient pressure and closed internal environment, the fire behavior of the building is different from that of ordinary buildings, and there are no fire safety design codes and methods now. This study takes a high altitude hermetic pressurization hotel building as the research object and investigates the fire behavior under different design fire scenarios by means of fire dynamics simulation and obtained the available evacuation time under different fire scenarios by analyzing oxygen concentration, gas content, temperature, visibility and other indicators. Based on this, the fire protection design scheme was given. This project can provide a reference for similar fire protection design of high altitude hermetic pressurization buildings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire resistant test study for building pipe supports and hangers Liao Shujiang, Dong Pengpeng, Li Xiaotao, Liu Yi 2023, 42 (11):  1512-1517.  Abstract ( 399 )   Through research on the installation methods of building pipeline supports and hangers, normal and fire?state tensile tests were carried out on typical anchor forms of supports and hangers to verify the fire resistance stability of different anchoring methods. The results show that the tensile strength of different anchor components of supports and hangers can decrease by up to 80% under fire conditions, and there are weak links in their structural stability. Anchor points and suspension rod may experience reduced or even lost fire resistance stability, and there are significant differences in fire resistance performance among different anchor components. Screw?type anchor bolts have the best fire resistance stability, while chemical anchor bolts have the weakest fire resistance stability. Corresponding fire prevention measures need to be taken in practical engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of high pressure water mist containing surfactant to suppress cooking oil pool fire Peng Wei, Ren Junsheng, Xie Qi, Li Jinhu 2023, 42 (11):  1518-1522.  Abstract ( 102 )   The experiments were carried out in a confined space of 6 m×6 m×4 m to investigate the effect of high pressure water mist containing surfactant additives on cooking oil pool fires by analysing the oil temperature, flame temperature and surfactant related properties. Through the experiment, it can be found that the water mist containing the surfactant has a good effect on cooling the cooking oil and suppressing the flame, mainly related to the surface tension and foaming properties of the additives. Containing surfactant water mist on oil temperature cooling effect from high to low: 1% CAB-35 water mist > 0.01% 1-heptanol water mist > 0.01% FS-51 water mist > pure water; flame inhibition effect in turn: 1% CAB-35 water mist >0.01% FS-51 water mist > 0.01% 1-heptanol water mist > pure water. Therefore, surfactants with moderate surface tension and high foaming properties should be considered as additives for the cooling of cooking oil temperatures, while surfactants with lower surface tension and higher foaming properties should be considered as additives for the suppression of flames. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on atomization characteristics of perfluorohexanone and water mist by injection pressure Chen Yonggang, Jin Jianquan, Huang Jiang, He Yuanhua 2023, 42 (11):  1523-1528.  Abstract ( 105 )   In order to study the atomization performance of halon substitute extinguishing agent to guide fire control design, the atomization characteristics of water mist and perfluorohexanone under different injection pressures were studied by combining experiment and numerical simulation. The results show that there are differences in the shape of fog field between the two groups due to the physical characteristics of the fluid itself. Under the same working condition, the atomization cone angle of the fine water mist is larger than that of perfluorohexanone, and the coverage area is wider. In terms of velocity field, both velocities increased with the increase of injection pressure, but the average velocity of water mist at the distance of 100 mm from the nozzle at 2.5 MPa was 47.3% higher. In terms of particle size distribution, droplet particle size D32 at the same section decreased with the increase of injection pressure, and the D32 value of perfluorohexanone increased by 39.0% compared with that of water mist droplet at 2.5 MPa. The droplet breaking process and the variation trend of D32 were further analyzed by numerical simulation. Therefore, it is recommended to apply more injection pressure when using perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent in fire fighting design to achieve good atomization effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire accident case named entity recognition based on BERT-CRF model Guan Siqi, Dong Tingting, Wan Zijing, He Yuansheng, 2023, 42 (11):  1529-1534.  Abstract ( 162 )   Aiming at the key information extraction from fire accident investigation files, we propose a BERT-CRF based named entity recognition method for obtaining information such as accident location, cause and effect, safety measure, etc. We firstly construct a fire accident text corpus by annotating 161 accident reports and using a data augmentation method on the labeled data. Then according to BERT pre?training model, the bidirectional feature extraction method is performed on the sentence sequences in the corpus. Extracted information of the accident text context is further predicted as the key entities by CRF model and the entity label transfer rules. Experiments show that the precision, recall and F1 values of the BERT-CRF model in the fire accident case named entity recognition task are 76.36%, 86.19%, and 80.97%, respectively, which are better than BERT and BERT-BiLSTM-CRF models, and the training time is 61 seconds shorter than that of model BERT-BiLSTM-CRF. Our final model can provide accurate entity construction services for downstream systems such as fire investigation knowledge base and file compilation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and design of a disaster site transfer robot Zhang Lei, Wang Ziyou, Hua Wanren 2023, 42 (11):  1535-1538.  Abstract ( 313 )   In order to quickly transport important equipment and injured personnel after geological disasters, and to solve the problem of existing robots being unable to balance equipment handling and long-distance transportation of injured personnel, this article proposes a design scheme for disaster site transportation robots based on clearing technical requirements. The design and functions of each component of the system were introduced, and a functional prototype was developed and demonstrated for application. The application test results show that the safety support and sheath group lifting function, climbing performance, cross system transfer function, and self balancing performance of the transfer platform of the transfer robot all meet the test index requirements. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on cooperative rescue system of civil aircraft fire accident Gao Rui, Gao Jiaxin, Mu Yangyang, Li Guohui, 2023, 42 (11):  1539-1542.  Abstract ( 88 )   In order to improve the comprehensive capability of fire rescue of civil aircraft, the current situation of fire rescue of aircraft was analyzed by considering the characteristics of fire accidents and the requirement of actual combat. The key technologies of aircraft fire fighting training and rescue were proposed. A cooperative rescue system for aircraft fire accident is established. The system can meet the objectives of efficient rescue and rapid treatment for the fire. The cooperative system includes cooperative organization, cooperative training, cooperative rescue and cooperative evaluation. This system defines the specific countermeasures and requirements for fire rescue service and civil aviation fire force to cooperate deal with the aircraft fire accidents. The results would provide support for optimizing civil aircraft fire emergency plan and fire rescue mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite element analysis of temperature field of bullock ⁃lining structure locally damaged by fireproof paint Wang Jie, Nie Jintao, Jiang Xuepeng, Xu Qiqi 2023, 42 (11):  1543-1548.  Abstract ( 59 )   In order to study the performance of the bull?lining component with local damage caused by fireproof coatings at high temperature, a simulation model of the bull-lining component with three sides of fire was established by ABAQUS software, and the thermal parameters of different coatings and the temperature field of the component under local damage after high temperature were analyzed. Based on the simulation results, a calculation model considering the length and height of the temperature changing section is established to providing references for the fire resistance design of the same type of component. The results show that the higher the thickness of the coating, the lower the temperature of the underside of the bull leg. The higher the thermal conductivity of the coating, the higher the temperature of the underside of the bull leg. The specific heat capacity and density of the coating have no effect on the temperature field. The larger the local shedding length of the bottom of the bull leg, the smaller the length of the temperature change section, and the greater the influence height. The greater the local peel thickness of the bottom of the bull leg, the greater the length of the temperature change section and the greater the influence height. The local damage of the paint on the joint of the bullock and lining has no effect on the length of the temperature change section and the influence height. The temperature change section is about 74 mm, and the influence height is about 43 mm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extinguishing efficiency of fire agent on Yunnan pine crib under different driving pressure Huang Congbao, Dai Zhangyin, Chen Youcheng, Meng Wenfu 2023, 42 (11):  1549-1554.  Abstract ( 62 )   In order to further improve the technology level of forest fire prevention and reduce the loss and damage caused by forest fires, Yunnan pine, a common flammable species in southwest China, was selected as the burning material to build a fire extinguishing agent spraying wood stack fire test platform. The experimental study on the influence of three driving pressures （0.45、0.55、0.65 MPa） on the fire extinguishing efficiency of hydrogel extinguishing agent and Class A foam extinguishing agent was carried out, and comparative analysis was made based on the parameters of fire extinguishing time, consumption, cooling rate and effect of reducing heat radiation flux. The results show that when the driving pressure increases gradually, the fire extinguishing time decreases gradually, the flow rate increases, and the extinguishing agent consumption decreases gradually. When the driving pressure increases from 0.45 MPa to 0.55 MPa and 0.65 MPa respectively, the cooling rate of Class A foam agent increases by about 6% and 54%, and that of hydrogel agent increases by about 54% and 90%. With the increase of driving pressure, the decreasing heat radiation flux rate of extinguishing agent increases. Under the same driving pressure, the cooling depth of class A foam extinguishing agent is insufficient for burning wood battlements, and the fire of wood battlements cannot be effectively suppressed under the driving pressure of 0.45 MPa, while the hydrogel extinguishing agent can quickly extinguish open fire and effectively inhibit the reignition of smoldering wood. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical study on the flow behavior of compressed air foam in pipes with different bending angles and inlet velocities Tan Tiantian, Zhang Jiaqing, Wu Gexin, Li Bo 2023, 42 (11):  1555-1561.  Abstract ( 96 )   Understanding and predicting the flow law of compressed air foam fluid in the pipeline is helpful for fire fighters to lay appropriate pipelines and select reasonable foam fluid according to the fire type and scale. In this paper, CFD simulation is used to analyze the influence of different bending angles and foam fluid inlet velocity on the flow behavior of compressed air foam in the pipeline. Research has found that as the angle of the bend increases, the inner wall velocity of the outlet section exhibits three changes: vortex and reflux phenomenon, reflux phenomenon, and approximate straight pipe flow phenomenon. With the increase of bending angle, the average velocity of foam fluid at elbow turning point increases gradually. At the same time, due to centrifugal effect, more foam fluid is squeezed and accelerated, resulting in the average velocity of foam fluid at the elbow is greater than the inlet velocity. Due to the disappearance of the low-speed zone, the average speed growth rate is relatively higher under the condition of elbow angle θ≥120°. On the other hand, it is found that when foam flows through the bend, the dynamic viscosity presents a non monotonic evolution trend. When foam flows through the elbow, due to the obstruction of the elbow, the flow rate decreases, resulting in the local viscosity falling to within 2 kg/(m·s)(about 1/3 of the viscosity of the stable section), and a low viscosity range. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on equipment configuration of forest firefighting routine teams under gentle slope condition Wu Yingda, Li Lei, Chang Ning, Bai Ye, 2023, 42 (11):  1562-1566.  Abstract ( 77 )   The equipment composition of conventional forest fire extinguishing teams is the main factor affecting the rate of forest fire extinguishing. In this paper, 189 sets of point burning experiments were carried out with the conventional equipment composition of national forest fire brigade as the pointcut, and the effects of different slope and equipment composition on the fighting speed and clearing speed of forest fire were analyzed. The results show that different slopes has a significant impact on the time required for firefighting and cleaning (p<0.05); The composition of different equipment has a significant impact on the time used for fighting and cleaning (p<0.05); Under different slope and equipment formation conditions, the time required for fighting is significantly lower than that required for cleaning; The interaction between different slopes and equipment composition has a significant impact on the speed of playing and cleaning (p<0.001). There is a highly significant negative correlation between the number of pneumatic extinguishers and the duration of firefighting (p<0.001), and a negative correlation with the duration of cleaning; The number of No. 2 tool is positively correlated with the time required to extinguish forest fires (p<0.01), and positively correlated with the time spent cleaning (p<0.01). In this study, D17 and D18 are most suitable for extinguishing and cleaning forest fires. For the extinguishing and cleaning stages of forest fires with different slopes, timely replacement of equipment will significantly improve fire extinguishing efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on forest fire prediction in Yunnan province based on LightGBM and SHAP Wang Zumin, Wang Kaifeng, Li Yanzhi, Li Guohui, 2023, 42 (11):  1567-1571.  Abstract ( 119 )   This research paper tackles the challenges of accuracy and interpretability in forest fire prediction studies. The study focuses on the Yunnan province as the geographical area of interest and proposes an innovative approach that combines the LightGBM machine learning model with the SHAP (Shapley Additive explanations) interpretable model for forest fire prediction. The findings indicate that compared to other existing machine learning models, LightGBM demonstrates superior accuracy, achieving a rate of 90.5% in accurately identifying most fire incidents within high?risk zones. By incorporating the SHAP model, the interpretability of the LightGBM model is enhanced. The global interpretability method aids users in comprehending the response patterns of various features within the model, while the local interpretability method elucidates the prediction process for specific instances of forest fires. The proposed methodology, utilizing LightGBM and SHAP, not only advances forest fire prediction in Yunnan province but also offers valuable insights for risk prediction modeling in other domains of disaster forecasting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Siting study of fire lookout towers in the northern Daxinganling primeval forest area of Inner Mongolia Yang Xinchen, Sun Shufa, Sun Meiou, Ding Dong 2023, 42 (11):  1572-1577.  Abstract ( 86 )   The watchtower is an important carrier for forest fire risk monitoring. In order to improve the intensity of forest fire prevention and protect the primary forest, the reasonable site selection of watchtower is crucial. This paper takes the primitive forest area in the northern part of Inner Mongolia Daxinganling as the research object, summarizes the historical fire point data of the forest area for 21 years from 1999 to 2020, uses BWM multi?criteria analysis and ArcGIS raster overlay to classify the fire risk in the forest area; establishes a multi?objective function as the search factor model for watchtower site selection according to the demand situation of forest fire prevention and monitoring in different risk areas; finally selects the optimal watchtower site by Finally, the optimal location of the fire watchtower is selected by the genetic algorithm. The optimized watchtower increased the coverage rate of low, medium and high risk areas of fire risk region by 13.7%, 23% and 41%, respectively. The optimized scheme improved the efficiency of fire risk monitoring and has reference significance to the forest fire prevention work in the northern forest area of China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire and rescue teams participate in the handling of major public health emergencies——Take the COVID⁃19 prevention and control case as an example Xu Xiaoyan, Wang Chunming, Chen Fang, ZhangJie 2023, 42 (11):  1578-1581.  Abstract ( 83 )   The COVID-19 is a major public health emergency that has occurred in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China with the fastest speed of transmission, the widest range of infection and the greatest difficulty in prevention and control. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, China has achieved a major and decisive victory in epidemic prevention and control. However, the epidemic has not gone away. In addition to COVID?19, cluster cases such as influenza A and Monkeypox virus occur from time to time. In the face of the current epidemic situation, it is important to constantly improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies. Based on the experience of fire rescue teams in handling the COVID?19, and in combination with the characteristics of the epidemic disposal task, this paper analyzes the advantages of the fire rescue teams in the responsibility positioning, organizational advantages and experience advantages of participating in the epidemic disposal, and points out the shortcomings and improvement measures to provide suggestions for further improving the emergency response to public health emergencies in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on occupational health risk factors of firefighters and study on prevention and control countermeasures Bai Jianfei, Zhang Siqi, Zhu Guoqing, Liu Bo 2023, 42 (11):  1582-1587.  Abstract ( 136 )   Using grounded theory and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this study constructed an indicator system for occupational health risk factors of firefighters from five dimensions: individual factors, protective factors, physical factors, chemical factors, and biological factors. It deeply analyzed the causes of occupational hazards faced by firefighters in training and firefighting work, and proposed prevention and control measures based on risk prevention and control theory. The results showed that the order of factors affecting the occupational health of firefighters was: individual factors>protective factors>physical factors>chemical factors>biological factors. It was proposed that the firefighters' rest and psychological service system should be improved, the multi-dimensional protection work of firefighters should be strengthened, the evaluation and disposal capabilities of physical hazards should be enhanced, and the prevention and treatment of biochemical hazards should be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Binary logistic analysis of case features of fire cause review Zhao Hui 2023, 42 (11):  1588-1592.  Abstract ( 69 )   Basing on 77 typical fire cause review in one city from the year of 2014 to 2021, related elements were digital processed. Digital processing elements were binary logistic analyzed to screen out independent factors of fire cause review. From three aspects including fire investigation, application for fire cause review and fire cause review, relating factors were statistical analyzed. On the basis of statistical analysis conclusion, suggestions were proposed for fire investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case analysis and thinking of a fire accident in an anode production line Liao Junhui, Shen Junjia, Zhou Hua 2023, 42 (11):  1593-1596.  Abstract ( 76 )   Anode production lines are mostly used in the electroplating industry, which are often in a high-temperature acid and alkaline environment. With high electricity consumption in the production process, interlocking and complex pipelines of production processes and environmental protection equipment, the flame spreads fast after a fire. In the investigation of this anode production line fire, there are some doubts and coincidences before and after the fire, leading to some extent interfered with the investigation ideas. Investigators explored the mechanism of the fire through scene cleanup, physical evidence identification, X-ray analysis, residue composition analysis, simulation experiments and other means to form a complete set of evidence chain. At last, we finally characterized the fire and accurately identified the cause of the fire, while proposing fire prevention measures and safety management countermeasures for the anode production line. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire risk analysis and fire characteristics study of electric bicycle Rao Qiufei, Gan Weifeng 2023, 42 (11):  1597-1602.  Abstract ( 218 )   To investigate the causes of fires involving mixed parking of various types of electric bicycles, this study conducted case studies on electric bicycle fires and various lithium battery fire experiments to analyze the differences in characteristics between lithium battery thermal runaway fires and vehicle electrical circuit failures, and to summarize the special on-site traces of electric bicycle fires. The results indicate that there are significant differences in smoke, sound, and light between the thermal runaway ignition and electrical fault (short circuit) ignition of lithium batteries in electric bicycles. The on-site traces also exhibit different characteristics. Summarizing the characteristics of these phenomena and traces can provide reference for the investigation of electric bicycle fires. Related Articles | Metrics