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15 November 2021, Volume 40 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Accident consequence evaluation of hydrogen chloride leakage based on GIS system ZHU Hong-ya, LI Yi, XU Xiao-yuan, MI Li-pei 2021, 40 (11):  1565-1570.  Abstract ( 1803 )   The production of polysilicon in China adopts the improved Siemens method. Hydrogen Chloride, as one of the main raw materials, has the risk of fire, explosion and poisoning in its synthesis device. Once leakage occurs, it will cause great harm to the surrounding environment and personnel. A typical polysilicon manufacturing enterprise in China is taken as an example to simulate the consequences of hydrogen chloride gas leakage under different modes and scenarios, and the visual output is realized on GIS system, the scope and the different situations involved in some parts of the indoor and outdoor concentrations change curve is provided, so as to provide a decision-making basis for emergency rescue and personnel evacuation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk analysis of liquid ammonia leakage accident based on DEMATEL-ISM YANG De-xin, XU Kai-li, LI Ji-shuo 2021, 40 (11):  1571-1574.  Abstract ( 1795 )   In order to reduce the occurrence of liquid ammonia leakage accident, this paper constructs the index system of influencing factors of liquid ammonia leakage accident from four aspects of man,machine,enviroment and management. The centrality and cause degree of 15 influencing factors were calculated by using Decision Laboratory Analysis (DEMATEL), and the key influencing factors and the causal attributes of influencing factors were determined. Combined with the Interpretative Structure Model (ISM), the hierarchical structure model of influencing factors of liquid ammonia leakage accident is constructed, and the internal relationship among the influencing factors is determined. Taking a dairy enterprise as an example, the effectiveness of DEMATEL-ISM model is verified. The results show that the DEMATEL-ISM model can directly reflect the mutual influence relationship between the accident influencing factors, and determine the key influencing factors of liquid ammonia leakage accident, so as to provide a reliable basis for enterprise safety decision-making. Related Articles | Metrics

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The diffusion analysis of heavy gas concentration of flammable and explosive liquid pools MA Ye, HE Juan-xia, LIU Lei, YANG Li-liang 2021, 40 (11):  1575-1579.  Abstract ( 1666 )   Hazardous chemicals with the properties of flammability and explosion are prone to cause fire and explosion accidents when tank leaks. In order to study the law of heavy-gas concentration diffusion caused by different liquid pools in continuous discharge, this paper uses the SLAB model to simulate the concentration diffusion of liquid pools released by tanks with gasoline, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde, respectively. The results show that the concentration tendency for denser-than-air diffusion and slightly denser-than-air diffusion increases firstly and then decreases with the downwind distance. The peak concentration of mixed vapor clouds of methanol and formaldehyde, at the height of 0.3~0.6 m from the ground to the detecting point of flammable gas detector, is higher than their lower explosive limit that is 5.5% and 7.0% respectively, which is more dangerous than heavy gas, and more likely to result in fire and explosion accidents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on fire fighting methods of charcoal powder stacking ZHU Xian-wei, JIA Guang-chao, JIN Qing-sheng 2021, 40 (11):  1580-1582.  Abstract ( 1715 )   Fire fighting practices of charcoal powder stacks have shown that traditional disposal measures such as jet water, flowering water, and foam cannot extinguish the fire, and are likely to cause dangerous situations. This paper summarizes the fire characteristics of charcoal powder stacks through experimental observations, compares and verifies the fire extinguishing effects of different fire extinguishing agents under different application methods, the results show that for the charcoal powder stacking at the fire site, ventilation conditions should not be rashly changed, at the same time, personnel should not approach the disposal rashly. The embankment cofferdam and pouring the water-based fire extinguishing agent foam or fire extinguishing gel can form a full coverage, thereby effectively control the charcoal powder stacking fire. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on melting behavior and fire extinguishing of the noise reduction board in converter substation ZHANG Jia-qing, SHANG Feng-ju, HUANG Yong, NIE Jing-kai, LI Guo-hui, TAN Jing 2021, 40 (11):  1583-1588.  Abstract ( 1653 )   The Box-in reduction structure outside the transformer has hindered and blocked the external fire fighting and rescue, which seriously affects the effective fire fighting. The melting behavior of the new noise reduction board (Box-in) and the fire extinguishing process in converter substation were investigated experimentally. The influence of the breaking process of the new noise reduction plate on the fire extinguishing effect and the influence of high temperature hot oil fire on the pipeline of Box-in internal fixed fire extinguishing system were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the two new noise reduction plates could fuse and fall in the fire, which provided favorable conditions for the external fire operation of the Box-in noise reduction device. However, the fire extinguishing difficulty was still significantly greater than that of the unshielded fire. The high temperature of the fire process would lead to the obvious change of the direction of the fixed fire branch, which made the cover target dislocation and could not cover the target part. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire performance of 10 kV natural ester vegetable oil and mineral oil-immersed transformers subjected to the external heat source CHEN Yu-qing, LIU Jing, HUANG Qing-dan, SONG Hao-yong 2021, 40 (11):  1589-1593.  Abstract ( 1622 )   In order to explore the fire dynamics of different oil-immersed transformers subject to an external fire, a full-scale transformer fire test platform is constructed to conduct the fire tests on 10 kV natural ester vegetable oil and mineral oil immersed transformers, respectively. It is found that the mineral oil-immersed transformer can form violent jet fires as subjected to the fire for about 9 min, and the ejected mineral oil results in massive pool fires and spill fires, enlarging the burning area. In contrast, the combustion of natural ester vegetable oil immersed transformer is rather gentle. Although the jet fire phenomena also occur after subjected to the fire about 24 min, the combustion area is not markedly enlarged. Meanwhile, a large amount of vegetable oil can be observed in the vicinity of the transformer. During the test, the temperature rise rate of the vegetable oil is 0.18 ℃/s, much lower than that of mineral oil, 0.24 ℃/s, which further confirms the poor combustibility of the vegetable oil. Therefore, the vegetable oil immersed transformer is much safer than the mineral oil-immersed one from the perspective of fire safety, and exhibits a better application prospect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on evacuation guidance strategy in large space buildings based on Anylogic TANG Jian, HU Yu-ling, WANG Ya-hui, 2021, 40 (11):  1594-1598.  Abstract ( 1683 )   Aiming at the problem of personnel evacuation in public places of large space buildings, taking evacuation time as the evaluation index and personnel density as the influencing factor, the evacuation strategies are simulated based on Anylogic simulation platform. Combined with the number, location and effective command range of guides, this paper mainly studies three static guidance strategies: equal area zoning guidance based on equal exit, optimal guidance based on the shortest path, and guidance based on equal area zoning combined with shortest path optimization, and compares them with non-guided evacuation. The simulation results show that the evacuation efficiency without guidance is the lowest, and the evacuation efficiency is the highest combined with the guidance strategy of equal area zoning and the shortest path. The evacuation efficiency of the guidance strategy based on the shortest path shows the characteristics of first high and then low with the change of the number of people, and the evacuation efficiency of the guidance strategy of equal area zoning guidance based on equal exit shows the trend of first low and then high with the change of the number of people. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence of shaft structure on smoke movement under the opposite jet mode CHEN Sheng-yuan, YANG Yong-bin, XIAO Zhi-xing 2021, 40 (11):  1599-1603.  Abstract ( 1575 )   The influence of shaft height and cross-sectional area on smoke movement pattern in shaft is studied by carrying out similar experiments under the conditions of better opposite jet velocity and different fire power. The experimental results show that the increase of shaft height and cross-sectional area will promote the occurrence of plug-holing; The larger the cross-sectional area of the shaft, the smaller the corresponding critical shaft height; The critical value of Ri under experimental conditions is 0.56. When Ri value is less than 0.56, boundary layer separation mainly occurs in the shaft, and when Ri value is greater than 0.56, plug-holing occurs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case study of the evacuating functions of the fire fighting and rescue windows in large-scale commercial buildings LI Da-zu, WANG Xiao-feng 2021, 40 (11):  1604-1607.  Abstract ( 1797 )   The large-scale commercial buildings are the place that are densely-populated and multi-functional, so they are difficult for fire-fighting. Fire-fighting should follow the guiding ideology of saving people first. Through the field investigation, this study tests the evacuation function of fire-fighting and rescuing windows in 8 shopping malls in Zhangzhou, and studies the efficiency of the windows in actual fire-fighting and rescuing work. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of maximum aircraft type method in the determination of firewater consumption in aerodrome at civil airport CHEN Jun, DU Xi-kang, XIONG Jing-zhong 2021, 40 (11):  1608-1611.  Abstract ( 1641 )   : The safety and reliability of the fire-fighting water supply system in aerodrome depends on the correct selection of the fire-fighting water consumption which shall be the first consideration for designers. It is completely feasible to use "maximum aircraft type method" to determine the fire-fighting water consumption and check by using the calculation method of water supplement quantity of Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting(ARFF) vehicles, so as to obtain the experience value of the fire-fighting water consumption of the typical aircraft in aerodrome under the corresponding airport category for RFF. The revised empirical value is close to the published value of NFPA 403-2018, and consistent with the actual operation of the new airport in Hong Kong. It is of great significance to guide the design and construction of fire-fighting water supply system in aerodrome and the allocation of ARFF vehicles. It is recommended that the national civil aviation authority should promptly revise (MH/T 7015-2007) and (MH/T 7002-2006) to meet the needs of engineering construction and ensure the safety and reliability of the ARFF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire resistance hybrid simulation of earthquake damaged RC frame based on multi-scale modeling QI Chen-wang, CAI Xin-jiang, MAO Xiao-yong, TIAN Shi-zhu, 2021, 40 (11):  1612-1616.  Abstract ( 1595 )   The post-earthquake fire test based on components cannot fully and truly reflect the fire performance of local components of the overall structure after earthquake damage, therefore, ABAQUS software is used to establish the finite element of the steel-concrete frame under different damage combinations. The model combines multi-scale modeling methods with fire-resistance hybrid simulation to study the calculation results of different modeling methods, the influence of different damage combinations on the fire resistance limit of the structure, and the applicability of the fire-resistance hybrid simulation to evaluate the fire performance of the structure after earthquake. The conclusions show that the calculation time of the multi-scale element model is reduced by 68% and 61%, respectively, under the crack damage and the joint action of cracks and spalling compared with the micro-element model. The joint action of cracks and spalling is 22% lower than the fire resistance limit of crack damage. As the changes in boundary conditions are taken into account, the fire-resistance hybrid simulation can reflect the post-earthquake fire performance of the overall structure through partial component tests. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative evaluation of emergency response capability of high-rise building fire accident ZHOU Si-yu, WU Jie, XING Zhi-xiang, HUANG An-chi 2021, 40 (11):  1617-1621.  Abstract ( 1737 )   To improve the accuracy of the evaluation for urban building fire accident emergency response capability, a set of emergency capability evaluation index system was constructed. Combined with the analytic hierarchy process to formulate a percentile deductible quantitative evaluation standard, the principal component analysis was used for dimensionality reduction processing; the model was established based on multiple linear regression and support vector machine. The results indicated that the evaluation index system of high-rise building fire emergency response capability can effectively realize the quantitative processing of indicators. The prediction scores of the two models have an insignificant gap, and both of them are suitable for the evaluation of urban high-rise building fire emergency capability. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of fire risk assessment methods in urban areas FU Xiao-qian 2021, 40 (11):  1622-1624.  Abstract ( 1902 )   Combined with the definition of fire risk assessment, a clear explanation of the concept and development of urban area fire risk assessment is made. Aiming at the problem of regional fire risk assessment, it is proposed to divide the assessment methods into two categories: traditional assessment methods based on indicators and modern assessment methods based on machine learning. The evaluation process of two methods are summarized. According to the evaluation process, the common evaluation methods are classified and summarized. Combined with the current domestic and international status of regional fire risk assessment, this paper compares and summarizes the characteristics and scope of application of the two types of assessment methods, and proposes possible future development directions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application research of water mist fire extinguishing system based on fire characteristics of utility tunnel XU Da-jun, ZHANG Jin, TAO Peng-yu, SONG Wen-qi 2021, 40 (11):  1625-1630.  Abstract ( 1702 )   The cabin containing power cable in the utility tunnel has high fire risk. In case of fire, it is very easy to cause a major fire accident. The author has developed and built a solid fire test platform for the utility tunnel, and carried out experimental research on local application and total flooding application of water mist fire extinguishing system under different working conditions. The results showed that: for the electric cabin of the utility tunnel, the water mist fire extinguishing system should adopt total flooding fire extinguishing mode, when it is really necessary to use local application fire extinguishing mode, the fire zone and adjacent zones shall be sprayed with water mist at the same time, and ensure the length of the fire extinguishing section and the intensity of the system spray. During fire extinguishing, ventilation and smoke exhaust system and door and window openings seriously affect the water mist fire extinguishing performance in case of fire, it shall be closed in time. When total flooding is applied, properly increasing the spray intensity of the system is the key to ensure the high fire extinguishing efficiency of water mist. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on extinguishing horizontal surface flow fire by water mist under lateral sprayLI Hong-gang LI Hong-gang, LI Qiang, XIONG Jie, LI Jin-mei 2021, 40 (11):  1631-1635.  Abstract ( 1641 )   In order to explore the technical feasibility of extinguishing flowing fire by water mist under the condition of lateral injection, a theoretical model of extinguishing flowing fire by water mist in open space was established on the basis of considering the radiation transmission of the flame and the convective heat transfer between the fuel and the cushion. The effects of the number of water mist nozzles and the inclination angle on the flame shape, flame temperature, fire extinguishing mechanism and fire extinguishing time were studied experimentally. The results showed that the fire extinguishing ability can be enhanced when the water mist impinging fuel accelerates its flow. Horizontal spraying with single row nozzle can effectively suppress one side flame and has the strongest flame stretching effect. The two-row nozzle horizontal spraying can effectively suppress the flames on both sides and the fire extinguishing speed is the fastest. When the nozzle tilted upward by 15°, the ability of water mist to cool the fuel weakened and the extinguishing time prolonged. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on respiratory rate monitoring technology for firefighters based on micro-pressure sensor DU Xi, HONG Ying-zheng 2021, 40 (11):  1636-1638.  Abstract ( 1598 )   This paper described and compared the main monitoring technologies and devices of firefighters' respiratory rate, designed a set of respiratory rate monitoring device for firefighters training based on micro pressure sensor, and studied the device selection, and system construction of the device. The device adopted the half-face mask type, which can collect the respiratory rate of firefighters during training in real time, and can fuse with the data collected by other firefighters' vital signs equipment, transmit it to the firemen's body area network sink node through Bluetooth, and then transmit it to the big data cloud platform through the network. Through long-term tracking the respiratory rate data collected by the device, it is of great significance to evaluate the training effect of firefighters, improve the respiratory efficiency and enhance the combat effectiveness of fire rescue team. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire rescue simulation drilling system based on virtual reality technology NIU Kun, LIU Xuan-ya, TAO Peng-yu, SONG Wen-qi 2021, 40 (11):  1639-1643.  Abstract ( 2030 )   In order to comprehensively improve firefighters' cooperative combat skills and emergency rescue ability for typical disasters and accidents, this paper analyzes various problems faced by fire rescue teams in the process of fire-fighting and rescue training, and puts forward a simulation drill method combining virtual reality visualization technology and emergency rescue training content. Through virtual reality technology to simulate different typical disaster and accident scenes, realistic scenes and interactive experience enable fire rescue personnel to carry out realistic, practical and professional simulation exercises in the virtual environment, so as to improve the rescue ability and response ability of firefighters, and solve the combat training problems faced by fire forces at present. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on design improvement of aspirating smoke detector LI Qian, YUE Liang 2021, 40 (11):  1644-1646.  Abstract ( 1750 )   In view of the functions and problems in the use of existing aspirating smoke detectors in the market, the improvement measures and methods of aspirating smoke detectors are researched and discussed according to the needs of users. A scheme of adding gas detection module to the aspirating detector is proposed, so as to realize the dual monitoring of smoke and gas. Three problems of U-shaped branch pipeline layout are analyzed, and the method of independent detection of airflow in a single-channel multi pipeline detector is introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of common multi-channel detectors in the market are compared, and the initial-fire alarm of multi-channel detector is added to the multi-channel detector. According to the market development trend, the design of wireless communication is advised. Various improvement measures and schemes proposed in this paper can improve the service performance of existing products and be more practical. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of cantilever device for fast escape of wind turbine engine room LIU Er-en, SU Feng-yu, WU Min, WANG Yu-zheng 2021, 40 (11):  1647-1650.  Abstract ( 1602 )   In order to solve the disadvantages of complex structure, inconvenient operation and low escape efficiency of the current escape device, a new escape cantilever device which can realize rapid escape is developed. Firstly, the design idea is clarified. The escape cantilever device not only has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation, but also has the advantages of simple operation, safety and reliability. Then, the escape cantilever device is designed in detail. Finally, the escape cantilever device is designed and analyzed. The safety of the escape cantilever device is simulated by finite element analysis. Verified by the actual operation on site, it can meet the rapid escape needs of two on-site maintenance personnel, so as to meet the design requirements and use requirements. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence of aging test on the quality of fire hose HUANG Wen-jia 2021, 40 (11):  1651-1653.  Abstract ( 1768 )   The influence of hot air aging test on the bursting pressure, adhesion strength and wear resistance of fire hose made of polyester filament/polyester filament-polyurethane material was investigated by studying the change law of the fire hose quality before and after hot air aging test. The test results showed that after 168 h hot air aging test the bursting pressure of the fire hose had little change, and the adhesion strength and wear resistance of the fire hose were weaken in varying degrees. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on synergistic flame retardant effect of modified LDH and IFR on polystyrene ZHAO Jian-yu, DUAN Jia-hao, YANG Ling 2021, 40 (11):  1654-1657.  Abstract ( 1622 )   A composite flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and potassium dodecyl monophosphate modified zinc aluminum double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH-PK) was prepared with the intumescent flame retardant IFR synergistic flame retardant polystyrene (PS), and the flame retardant properties and combustion performance of polystyrene under different ratios of the two were studied. The results showed that the appropriate ratio of ZnAl-LDH-PK and IFR synergistically acted on the composite material, can promote the material with better thermal stability and carbon formation ability; when the component was PS, 22% IFR, 3% ZnAl-LDH-PK, its Gmited oxygen index LOI reached 35, and the total heat release and total smoke generation were reduced by 28% and 38%, respectively, compared with pure PS, improving the fire resistance. The SEM results confirmed that ZnAl-LDH-PK and IFR synergistically formed a highly expanded and continuous dense carbon layer in the composite. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on characterization of silica aerogel powder and its explosion performance XIONG Jing-wen., WANG Jia-yi, YE Ya-ming , WANG Yan, 2021, 40 (11):  1658-1660.  Abstract ( 1718 )   SEM, XPS, FTIR, XRD were employed to characterize silica aerogel powder, the explosion characteristic parameters were measured by 20 L spherical explosion apparatus and 1.2 L Hartmann tube tester. The results indicated that silica aerogel dust has nano-scale crosslinked network structure. Si and O are main elements and exist in amorphous state with -CH3 and -OH groups on the surface. The lower explosion limit is 40～50 g/m3, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.70 MPa, the maximum explosion index is 7.84 MPa·m/s, the minimum ignition energy is 520 mJ, and the dust explosion risk level is St1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of soil available phosphorus content on the physicochemical properties of plants in central Yunnan LI Guo-hui, MA Rui-jie, PAN Ying-yun, LI Shi-you, 2021, 40 (11):  1661-1665.  Abstract ( 1581 )   In order to study the effect of soil available phosphorus content on the physicochemical properties of plants, 32 major forest plants as the research objects include Pinusyunnanensis, Myrica nana and Artemisia dubia Wallich. They are from Kunming, Yuxi and Qujing (include 12 counties, cities or districts) in the central Yunnan region. A total of 346 batches of leaves (stems) of 32 species, 43 batches of branches of 17 species，and corresponding plant root soil were collected as experimental samples. The extract content, ash content, calorific value and soil available phosphorus content were determined, and analyzed the effect of soil available phosphorus content on the physicochemical property of plants, and then studied the effect of soil available phosphorus content on the combustibility of plants. The results showed that: (1) Soil available phosphorus increased leaves extract content and calorific value to a certain extent, and reduced its ash content, but the physicochemical properties of the branches have less response to the soil available phosphorus content than the leaves; (2) The leaves physicochemical properties of Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides, P. armandii,Heteropogon contortus, Lyonia ovalifolia, Artemisia dubia, Illicium simonsii, Acacia dealbata and Cinnamomum glanduliferum responded more sensitively to soil available phosphorus content, and the branches physicochemical properties of Keteleeria evelyniana and Cinnamomum glanduliferum responded more sensitively to soil available phosphorus content, and available phosphorus in soil can significantly increase the extract content and caloric value of branches and leaves (stems) of common plants in central Yunnan, such as Pinus yunnanensis, P. armandii, P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea, Artemisia dubia and Eupatorium adenophorum, and reduce their ash content; (3) Under similar habitat conditions, the soil available phosphorus content and extract content, calorific value are significant positive relationship. Soil available phosphorus can increase the crude fat content and calorific value of plants to a certain extent, and reduce their ash content. This change trend is conducive to the improvement of the combustibility of plants. Based on this, the corresponding measures and suggestions are put forward to strengthen forest fire risk management in central Yunnan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pyrolysis kinetics analysis of Leymus chinensis in swamp meadow in forest-steppe ecotone of China-Mongolia border based on FWO and CR methods WANG Yu-xia, ZHANG Tong, ZHANG Heng 2021, 40 (11):  1666-1670.  Abstract ( 1685 )   Swamp meadow in Aershan city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was taken as the research area, the typical herbaceous Leymuschinensis was taken as the research object, and the thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermogravimetric behavior under the conditions of oxygen flow rate of 10, 20, 30 mL/min and heating rate of 40，80 ℃/min, respectively. TG-DTG curve were used to analyze the pyrolysis process of the sample, and Coats-Redfern (CR) integration method and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) integration method were used to analyze the kinetics of the rapid pyrolysis stage of the sample to obtain the pyrolysis activation energy, pre-exponential factor and corresponding parameters of the sample under different oxygen concentrations. The results showed that the pyrolysis process of Leymus chinensis can be divided into three stages: dehydration stage, rapid pyrolysis stage and carbonization stage, in which the rapid pyrolysis stage is 350~450 ℃. In this stage, the faster the heating rate is, the more obvious the temperature lag is; the faster the oxygen flow rate is, the more obvious the temperature advance is. The analysis of pyrolysis process and kinetic parameters showed that FWO method is more suitable for the pyrolysis process of Leymus chinensis, and the oxygen flow rate that causes fires is 30 mL/min＞20 mL/min＞10 mL/min. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forest fire risk assessment based on weighted Bayesian Network HUANG Qiong, SI Ying, WANG Hao-Yu 2021, 40 (11):  1671-1675.  Abstract ( 1634 )   In view of the uncertainty among forest fire risk factors and the influence of the intervention of emergency management and rescue forces on forest fire risk control, a set of forest fire risk assessment index system is constructed. Combined with the experience and knowledge of the field experts, based on the Bayesian Network model, the forest fire risk network map is drawn to clarify and deal with the uncertainty of forest fire. The weight of each index is calculated based on the information gain, and the contribution value of each index node in the network graph is determined. The weighted Bayesian network evaluation model is established. The forest fire risk assessment in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China is carried out. The experiment shows that the model can effectively realize the risk assessment of forest fire and has a certain practical value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the combustibility of Main Tree Species in Mu Us Sandy Land WEI Jian-heng, ZHAO Heng, GAO Zhong-liang, LI Fu-guo 2021, 40 (11):  1676-1681.  Abstract ( 1615 )   Physicochemical indexes such as water content, calorific value, ash content and ignition temperature of tree species play an important role in their combustion, which can affect the difficulty of forest fire, burning rate, fire intensity and energy release. Their physicochemical properties are also an important basis for screening fireproof tree species. Based on the data of moisture content, calorific value, ignition temperature, crude fat and ash content of 21 main tree species in Mu Us Sandyland, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to carry out combusting comprehensive ranking. It is important to study the combustibility of main tree species in forest for reducing the intensity of forest fire and protecting forest resources. The results are as follows: (1) the order of combustibility of tree species from big to small is: Picea asperata, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabuliformis, Populus hopeiensis, Prunus armeniaca, Populus opea Hsu, Populus alba var. pyramidalis, Rhustyphina, Robinia pseudoacacia, the order of combustibility of shrub species is: Sabina vulgaris, Salix psammophila, Caragana korshinskii, Cerasus tomentosa, Hedysarum scoparium, Artemisia desterorum Spreng, Hedysarum fruticosum, Amorpha fruticose, Cornusalba, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Hippophae rhamnoides. (2) the order of combustibility of arbor and shrub species shows that the species with strong fire resistance are Populus alba var. pyramidalis, Rhus typhina, Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruticosa, Cornus alba, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Hippophae rhamnoides. The species with fire resistance are Pinus tabuliformis, Populus hopeiensis, Prunus armeniaca , Populusopea Hsu, Cerasus tomentosa, Hedysarum scoparium, Artemisia desterorum Spreng, Hedysarum fruticosum, and the species with weak fire resistance are spruce, Picea asperata, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris, Salix psammophila, Caragana korshinskii. The order of combustibility of tree species can provide scientific basis for the selection of fire resistant tree species in Mu Us Sandyland, prevent and reduce the frequency of fire in the region, and protect the ecological resources in sandy land. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on fire safety supervision capability construction based on system dynamics LIU Ji-da, DONG Chang-qi, FENG Yu, ZHAO Ze-bin, 2021, 40 (11):  1682-1686.  Abstract ( 1738 )   In order to analyze the influencing factors and dynamic development of fire safety supervision capability, the fire safety supervision capability was deconstructed according to the theory of system management. The index system of fire safety supervision capability construction is constructed. Based on the interactive logical relationship between the five subsystems, a causal diagram and a stock flow chart of fire safety supervision capability was drawn. Based on this, combined with research and questionnaire survey, the variable equations and constant parameters in the model were obtained, and the effects of different input proportions on the growth of fire safety supervision capabilities were investigated using simulation. The research results showed that the system dynamics model of fire safety supervision capability could predict the improvement effect of fire safety supervision capability and fully reflect the relationship between variables in the system; invest in fire investigation, regulation construction and supervision organization, publicity and education, public supervision, personnel capability and information technology under the balanced investment plan, the increase of fire safety supervision capacity was the best; increasing the investment in a single branch was not conducive to achieving the construction objectives. The model was in line with the actual situation of fire supervision. And it had certain applicability and application value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on implementation principle and application mode of fire fighting and rescue electronic sand table ZHU Wu, ZHANG Qing-li 2021, 40 (11):  1687-1689.  Abstract ( 1611 )   This paper introduces the development process of electronic sand table for fire fighting and rescue and the realization principle of some functions, explores the application and training mode of electronic sand table in real practice, and further analyzes the application mode of electronic sand table from the aspects of training content, application scope and application prospect, so as to provide reliable reference for digital fire fighting training. Related Articles | Metrics

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The origin and reform of emergency management of high-rise buildings WANG Nuo-ya, CHEN Gang, LI Li-hua 2021, 40 (11):  1690-1694.  Abstract ( 1585 )   The safety risk of high-rise buildings is an important influencing factor in social emergency management.In practice, there are common problems such as failure of emergency prevention, passive intervention, and poor effect. Based on the analysis of its security significance, this paper sorts out the safety risks from the perspective of types, cycles, and systems through field research, bibliometrics, content analysis. In order to respond to concerns such as one-sided risk perception, structural imbalance of research, theoretical basis shift and post-focus, some main relationships that need to be dealt with in the high-rise building emergency management system under complex risk are put forward through tracing the research tradition, logic and trends of high-rise building emergency management. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of pyrolytic particle electric fire detector in subway XING Guo-xin, ZHAO Hai-long, WU Zhi-qiang 2021, 40 (11):  1695-1698.  Abstract ( 2083 )   This paper introduced the main causes of subway electrical fire and the necessity of early monitoring to prevent subway electrical fire, put forward the pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring technology in subway, and studied and analyzed the application of DT-300/RJ fire detector in subway. The research shows that the detector can reduce the false alarm and missing alarm of subway electrical fire, improve the electrical fire monitoring system, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of subway electrical equipment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The over heating process and beads characteristics of abnormal connection of aluminum conductors ZHAO Yan-hong, LI Yan, BAIMA Jian-cai 2021, 40 (11):  1699-1702.  Abstract ( 1784 )   The over heating process and arc beads characteristics of poor connection on aluminum conductor are studied by simulating different connection modes. The temperature of connection and the time of melting apart was measured, and the process of melting apart was observed by a high-speed camera. The appearance and metallographic structure of beads on the end of aluminum conductor arc were observed and compared. The results showed that for most hook connection, obvious parting arc appeared when melting apart, which need less time and lower temperature. The grain structure of beads presented fine cellular crystal and columnar crystal. When the conductors were connected by winding and hinging, obvious parting arc appeared rarely when melting apart. There were pointed weld marks, traces of winding, bonding and welding, and the grain structure of beads presented coarse equiaxed grain or columnar grain. This study provides the basis for the investigation of this kind of electrical fire and the identification of physical evidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on death cause of a residential fire based on numerical reconstruction technology TAI Feng, ZHENG Jing-chuan, HUANG Xiang 2021, 40 (11):  1703-1706.  Abstract ( 1678 )   The numerical simulation technology was used to model and simulate a fire accident. The residue calculation method was used to simulate the residual status of objects after the fire. The process of fire occurrence, spread and death was deduced by comparing the residual traces and autopsy reports. This technology plays a good role in judgment of fire spreading process and death cause. Related Articles | Metrics