Abstract: Smoke detectors are currently the most widely used fire detectors in buildings. In order to understand the alarm patterns, distribution characteristics, and specific roles of smoke detectors in fire detection, a total of 1.5 million smoke detector data were collected from the fire remote network in Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2023. The system studied the objective laws of wired and wireless smoke detector alarms in building and self built buildings, including their time characteristics, spatial distribution, and interference sources. The research results indicate that: From the overall data, smoke detectors play an early fire warning role, especially wireless smoke detectors better protect self built houses and prevent fire accidents from occurring; In terms of reliability, the accuracy of smoke detectors detecting real fire situations is relatively low (only 2/10 000), with 99.98% of fire alarm reports indicating indoor air pollution levels; Through correlation analysis, the main factors affecting false alarms of smoke in formal settlements are human activities, while in informal settlements, the influencing factors are cooking fumes, water vapor. This article also analyzes and summarizes 15 possible methods and feasibility evaluations for eliminating false alarms in smoke detectors, providing a solution for fundamentally improving the reliability of smoke detectors.

Key words: fire risk warning, smoke false alarm rate, influence factors