Abstract: For the problems of blind, disorderly, and inefficient evacuation of personnel in teaching buildings, the Guided Double Layer Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm （GDACO） is proposed for guiding personnel evacuation. Firstly, the environmental grids are processed by adding dangerous grids to establish a staggered distribution of initial ant pheromones. Secondly, the double layer ant colony algorithm is introduced, where the guiding layer ants conduct global searches to find guiding paths while the evacuation layer ants optimize evacuation paths based on the guiding range. Finally, path optimization is performed by removing redundant nodes and smoothing turning points. Experimental results analysis shows that the proposed GDACO algorithm can reduce path turning points, avoid risky paths, meet the evacuation needs within teaching buildings, and plan paths that align with actual evacuation situations.

Key words: evacuation guidance, path planning, pheromone distribution, double layer ant colony algorithm, path optimization, teaching building