Abstract: Finite element models of connections at normal temperature and heat transfer models at elevated temperature are conducted. A calculation method is proposed to determine the carrying capacity of connections under normal and fire conditions based on the Johansen's model. By considering the temperature?dependent double?spline reduction relationship of the embedment strength, the integrated embedment strength with respect to the bolt length is obtained. Furthermore, through mechanical analysis based on three major failure modes, the fire resistance time of connections under different load ratios is determined. The calculated results show a close correlation with experimental values, providing valuable references for engineering design.

Key words:  standard fire, glulam connections, Johansen's model