主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1141-1145.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

不同隧道排烟模式对站台火灾人员疏散的影响

王建国，赵思蕊，苏俊凯   

  1. 西安科技大学 安全学院，陕西 西安 710054
  • 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-15
  • 作者简介:王建国（1977-），男，山东济南人，西安科技大学安全学院消防救援系副主任，副教授，主要从事消防科学与技术方面的教学与科研工作，陕西省西安市雁塔中路58号，710054。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目（工业领域重点项目）（2017ZDXM-GY-107）

Influence of different smoke exhaust modes on personnel evacuation in subway station fire

WANG Jian-guo， ZHAO Si-rui， SU Jun-kai   

  1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi Xi’an 710054, China
  • Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-15

摘要：

为探究站台火灾条件下不同隧道排烟模式对地铁人员疏散的影响，以岛式地铁站为研究对象，利用Pyrosim建立火灾模型，并分析4种隧道排烟模式下的楼扶梯入口风速、烟气温度、CO体积分数和能见度的分布。结果表明：单一隧道排烟模式均无法满足安全疏散要求；疏散时间360 s内，在人眼特征高度处，车站隧道排烟模式下的人员疏散经过区域的能见度不能满足疏散要求，CO体积分数、温度、楼扶梯口风速均满足安全疏散要求；3种区间隧道排烟模式下的楼扶梯口风速均无法满足人员安全疏散要求，区间隧道推拉式反向排烟模式最不利于疏散区域烟气散热，区间隧道双拉式排烟模式排烟效果最为显著；火灾烟气的3个潜在危险因素中，相比于温度和CO体积分数，满足能见度在安全范围内的难度更高。

关键词: 站台火灾, 隧道排烟, 火灾参数, 疏散, 数值模拟

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of different tunnel smoke exhaust modes on subway evacuation in the case of platform fires, an island-style subway station was used as a prototype, and Pyrosim was used to establish a fire model, and the wind speed at the escalator entrance，smoke temperature, CO volume fraction and visibility were analyzed. The results show that: a single tunnel smoke exhaust mode can't meet the requirements of safe evacuation; within 360 s of evacuation time, at the human features eye height, the visibility of the evacuation area in the station tunnel smoke exhaust mode cannot meet the evacuation requirements, CO volume fraction, temperature, and the wind speeds at the escalator entrance meet the requirements for safe evacuation; the wind speeds at the escalator entrance under the three tunnel smoke exhaust modes cannot meet the requirements for safe evacuation of people. The push-pull reverse smoke exhaust mode of the section tunnels is the most unfavorable for the heat dissipation of the smoke in the evacuation area. The double-pull smoke exhaust mode has the most significant smoke exhaust effect; among the three potential hazards that can affect evacuation caused by fire smoke, it is more difficult to meet the visibility within a safe range than temperature and CO volume fraction.


Key words:

platform fire, tunnel smoke exhaust, fire parameters, personnel evacuation, numerical simulation