主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 14-17.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

耦合电梯门狭缝流动的高层竖井火灾烟气模拟

何其泽，杨君涛   

  1. 应急管理部上海消防研究所，上海200032
  • 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-01-15
  • 作者简介:何其泽(1989-)，男，应急管理部上海消防研究所助理研究员，工学博士，主要从事火灾动力学、火灾风险评估方面的研究，上海市徐汇区中山南二路601 号，200032。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（51874258，51404215）；博士后基金会特别资助项目（2015T80781）；郑州大学优秀青年发展基金项目
    （1521324003）

Simulation of smoke spread in high-rise shafts coupled with a door leakage flow model

HE Qi-ze，YANG Jun-tao   

  1. Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-01-15

摘要： 利用FDS 建立17 层高层办公楼数值模型，考虑狭缝的小开口流动，耦合了基于开口流动理论的HVAC 模型，研究高层建筑内烟气通过电梯竖井的蔓延过程，得到了高层建筑内烟囱效应诱导的火灾烟气蔓延规律。高层建筑内较低层发生的火灾会显著加热电梯竖井中的气体，形成烟囱效应，高层建筑内部会形成中性面。通过将HVAC 模型与基于标准流量系数的模型进行比较，可以发现这两种方法计算的质量流量相差约1.5 倍。这是由于采用的HVAC 模型并没有考虑狭缝处的开口流动损失。通过进一步修正，取开口损失系数K 值为3.56 能得到较好的模拟结果。

关键词: 高层建筑, 火灾, 狭缝流动, 烟囱效应, 电梯竖井

Abstract: A 17- story numerical high- rise building model was built by the FDS. Considering the small opening flow of slit, coupled with HVAC model based on open flow theory, the process of smoke spreading through elevator shaft in high- rise building was researched and the rule of fire smoke spread induced by chimney effect in high- rise building was obtained. The results indicated that the fire at lower floors would heat the air significantly in the building which leads to chimney effect,and a neutral plane exists at certain height of the building.By comparing the results between simulation and the oretical calculation,the simulated mass flow rate is about 1.5 times of the calculation.This is because the HVAC model doesn't count the effect of vent flow loss. By further modification,better simulation results can be obtained by taking the opening loss coefficient K as 3.56.

Key words: high rise building, fire, slit flow, chimney effect, elevator shaft

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