主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 203-208.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

公路隧道动态火灾规模及人员疏散研究

王明年1,2，胡萧越1,2，于丽1,2，郭晓晗1,2，田源1,2   

  1. (1.西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031； 2.西南交通大学 交通隧道工程教育部重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）

  • 收稿日期:2019-09-21 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 于 丽，西南交通大学副教授，博士。
  • 作者简介:王明年（1965-），男，西南交通大学土木工程学院教授，博士，主要从事隧道及地下工程防灾等方面的研究，四川省成都市金牛区二环路北一段111号，610031。

Research on dynamic fire scale and personnel evacuation of urban road tunnel

WANG Ming-nian1,2, HU Xiao-yue1,2, YU Li1,2, GUO Xiao-han1,2, TIAN Yuan1,2   

  1. （1. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 610031, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chengdu 610031, China）
  • Received:2019-09-21 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-15

摘要： 为了确定城市公路隧道阻塞场景下火灾蔓延时的动态火灾规模和人员疏散方案，基于临界辐射热通量理论计算车辆引燃时间，并运用FDS研究动态火灾规模和同时打开两侧横通道与只打开一侧横通道两种工况下的温度与可视度分布规律，通过Pathfinder计算人员疏散时间。结果表明：初次引燃需要250 s，二次引燃分别需要615、650 s，共计11辆车参与燃烧，最大热释放速率高达39.1 MW；两种工况下的温度与可视度分布规律基本相同，但同时打开两侧横通道的疏散时间仅为390 s，较后者减少了320 s；建议四洞公路隧道发生火灾时，宜同时打开两侧横通道，且应在10 min内及时采取措施防止车辆发生二次引燃。

关键词: 城市公路隧道, 火灾蔓延, 引燃时间, 动态火灾规模, 人员疏散

Abstract:  In order to determine the dynamic fire scale and personnel evacuation scheme of urban road tunnel under fire spreading, the vehicle ignition time is calculated based on critical radiant heat flux theory.In addition, a full scale model built by FDS is applied to determine the dynamic fire scale under obstruction and to compare the distribution laws of temperature and visibility under two cases, namely, opening both two side cross passages at the same time and opening only one side cross passage. Furthermore, the evacuation time under two cases are compared through Pathfinder. Results show that, initial ignition needs 250 s, and the secondary ignition needs 615 s and 650 s, respectively. The maximal heat release rate of the fire reaches up to 39.1 MW, and a total of 11 vehicles were involved in the combustion. The laws of temperature and visibility distribution are basically the same under two cases but the evacuation time of opening both two side cross passages is only 390 s, which reduces by 320 s compared with the latter. It is suggested that in case of fire in four-hole road tunnel, the cross passages on both sides should be opened at the same time. It is suggested to take timely fire protection measures within 10 min to prevent the secondary ignition of the vehicles.

Key words: urban road tunnel, fire spread, ignition time, dynamic fire scale, personnel evacuation