北极地区山火对我国高寒地区林火管理的启示

消防科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 554-557.

北极地区山火对我国高寒地区林火管理的启示

白夜1，王博2，武英达1,2，曹萌1，刘波3

1. 中国消防救援学院，北京102202；2. 北京林业大学，北京100083；3. 四川省林业和草原调查规划院，四川成都610000

出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-15
通讯作者: 刘波，男，四川省林业和草原调查规划院副总工程师。
作者简介:白夜（1967-），男，吉林临江人，中国消防救援学院森林防灭火教研室主任，森林消防学科带头人，教授，研究生导师，博士，国家森林、草原扑火指挥员培训专家，主要从事森林防火灭火技术、战术、安全与指挥实践与教学工作，北京市昌平区南雁路4 号中国消防救援学院，102202。
基金资助:
中国消防救援学院森林灭火指挥与战术科研创新团队建设项目（XF2020-XM01）

The enlightenment of arctic wildfire on wildfire management in alpine region of China

BAI Ye1，WANG Bo2，WU Ying-da1,2， CAO Meng1，LIU Bo3

1. China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China; 2. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; 3.Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Investigation and Planning Institute, Sichuan Chengdu 610000, China

Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北极地区主要包括北冰洋和周围一圈无树木的冻土地带，植被以生长接近地面的低矮灌木、类禾本植物、草本植物、苔藓和地衣为主，气候终年寒冷，火源以干雷暴为主。受全球变暖和高温热浪影响，北极地区山火的数量和强度不断增加，严重威胁生态安全，并引发一系列次生灾害。本文在总结2019 年和2020 年北极地区山火案例的基础上，分析北极地区山火成因和危害，结合多年森林消防工作经验，提出对高寒地区林火管理的启示。

关键词: 北极地区山火, 北极苔原, 极地放大效应, 泥炭火, 冻土融化, 高寒地区

Abstract: The Arctic region mainly includes the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding treeless tundra. The vegetation is mainly low shrubs, grasses, herbs, moss and lichens growing close to the ground. The climate is cold all year round, and the source of fire is mainly dry thunderstorms. Affected by global warming and heat waves, the number and intensity of wildfires in the Arctic region are increasing, posing a serious threat to ecological security and causing a series of secondary disasters. On the basis of summarizing the cases of mountain fires in the Arctic region in 2019 and 2020, this paper analyzes the causes and hazards of mountain fires in the Arctic region, and puts forward the enlightenment for forest fore management in alpine regions in China based on years of forest fire control experience.

Key words: Arctic wildfires, Arctic tundra, polar amplification effect, peat fire, melting permafrost, alpine region

白夜, 王博, 武英达, 曹萌, 刘波. 北极地区山火对我国高寒地区林火管理的启示[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2021, 40(4): 554-557.

BAI Ye, WANG Bo, WU Ying-da, CAO Meng, LIU Bo. The enlightenment of arctic wildfire on wildfire management in alpine region of China[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 554-557.