主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 433-437.

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电动船三元锂电池舱与磷酸铁锂电池舱灭火对比试验研究

饶慧1，罗肖锋1，刘安1，汪志宏2，席庆庆3，张峥4   

  1. 1. 中国船级社武汉规范研究所，湖北武汉430022；2. 浙江亚宁消防设备有限公司，浙江衢州324112；3. 江西三星气龙消防安全有限公司，江西南昌330013；4. 武汉现代长江摩根科技有限公司，湖北武汉430090
  • 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-15
  • 作者简介:饶慧（1984-），女，湖北武汉人，中国船级社武汉规范研究所高级工程师，主要从事船舶技术标准及船舶消防安全研究，湖北省武汉市硚口区六角亭新路128 号，430022。

Study on comparative fire extinguishing tests between ternary lithium battery cabin and lithium iron phosphate battery cabin of electric ships

RAO Hui1, LUOXiao-feng1, LIU An1, WANG Zhi-hong2, XI Qing-qing3, ZHANG Zheng4   

  1. （1. Wuhan Rules and Research Institute, China Classification Society, Hubei, Wuhan 430022, China; 2. Zhejiang Yaning Fire Equipment Co.,Ltd., Zhejiang Quzhou 324112, China; 3. Jiangxi Samsung Qilong Fire Safety Co.,Ltd., Jiangxi Nanchang 330013, China; 4. Wuhan Modern Yangtze River Morgan Technology Co., Ltd., Hubei Wuhan 430090, China
  • Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-03-15

摘要： 为研究三元锂电池电动船的消防安全，搭建了一个船舶锂电池舱火灾试验平台，通过模拟舱室火灾场景，开展了一系列大尺寸灭火试验，从灭火现象、冷却效果及复燃间隔时间等方面对比分析了4 种船用固定式灭火系统对三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池初期火灾的抑制效果。试验表明，压力水雾灭火系统对两种电池火体现出较好的抑制和冷却效果，5、10 L/（min·m2）两种喷水强度下均未发生复燃；二氧化碳、七氟丙烷及热气溶胶灭火系统均能瞬时扑灭这2 种电池火，但抑制时间有限，存在复燃的可能，其中热气溶胶冷却效果最差、电池复燃间隔时间最短，其次是二氧化碳、七氟丙烷。总体而言，三元锂电池火比磷酸铁锂电池火更难扑灭，复燃率更高，复燃间隔时间更短。根据比较结果提出灭火对策建议。

关键词: 电动船, 三元锂电池, 磷酸铁锂电池, 灭火试验, 冷却, 复燃

Abstract: For studying the fire safety of electric ships powered by ternary lithium batteries, an experimental platform of lithium battery cabin on a ship was established and a series of largescale fire experiments were performed by simulating the fire scenario in the cabin. Ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries were taken, and the suppression effectiveness of four types of marine fixed fire-extinguishing systems on their initial fires were compared in terms of fire suppression phenomena, cooling effect and re-ignition interval time. The results showed that pressure water-mist fire-extinguishing system had a good suppression effect on these two kinds of battery fires, and no re-ignition occurred when the water spraying intensity was 5 L/（min · m2）and 10 L/（min · m2）. Carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane and aerosol fire- extinguishing systems could extinguish these two kinds of battery fires instantly, but the suppression time was limited and there was the potential to re-ignite. Among these three systems, the cooling effect of aerosol was the worst and re- ignition interval was the shortest, followed by carbon dioxide and then heptafluoropropane, and in general ternary lithium battery fires were more difficult to be extinguished than lithium iron phosphate battery fires, with higher re- ignition rate and shorter re- ignition intervals. According to the comparative results, some fire fighting countermeasures were put forward.

Key words:  , electric ships, ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, fire extinguishing test, cooling effect, re-ignition