主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 704-709.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

高高原环境下锂离子电池热失控烟气特性

刘奕，邹晓龙，陈现涛，贺元骅，孙强   

  1. 中国民用航空飞行学院 民航安全工程学院，四川 广汉 618307
  • 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-05-15
  • 作者简介:刘 奕(1996－),男，四川成都人，中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事锂电池热安全方面的研究，四川省广汉市南昌路四段46号，618307。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0809500）

Characteristics of gases emission during lithium-ion batteries thermal runaway at high plateau

LIU Yi, ZOU Xiao-long, CHEN Xian-tao, HE Yuan-hua， SUN Qiang   

  1. College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Sichuan Guanghan 618307, China
  • Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-05-15

摘要： 为探究高高原机场低压低氧环境对锂离子电池热失控行为中喷射火焰温度、热释放速率及烟气组分等参数的影响，构建锂离子电池低压试验平台，以4节单体18650型锂离子电池构成电池组，分别模拟高高原机场（50 kPa）、平原机场环境（90 kPa）下锂离子电池热失控试验。结果表明：在50 kPa工况下，池体破损程度、热释放速率及喷射火焰温度均有所下降，喷射火焰峰值温度降低约241.3 ℃。50 kPa工况下产生的热解烟气中CxHy、CO等易燃气体浓度更高，最高体积分数分别可达3 134.50×10-6和0.860%，并且随热释放速率的增加热增加；在90 kPa工况下呈现相反趋势，CxHy、CO气体浓度均有所下降，且随热释放速率的增加热降低。90 kPa工况下电池燃爆更为剧烈，作为物质完全燃烧的证明，CO2气体浓度高于50 kPa工况下试验值，最高体积分数可达1.510 7%。

关键词: 高高原机场, 低压, 锂离子电池, 热失控, CxHy

Abstract:  In order to investigate the effectiveness of low-pressure and low-oxygen environment in high altitude airport on the parameters of jet flame temperature, heat release rate and flue gas composition in the thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries, the low-pressure test platform of lithium-ion battery was established to simulate the thermal runaway in high altitude airport (50 kPa) and plain airport (90 kPa) respectively. Four 18650 lithium-ion batteries were used as the experimental objects. The results showed that under the condition of 50 kPa, the damage degree of the cell, the heat release rate and the temperature of the jet flame decreases, among which the peak temperature of the jet flame reduces by about 241.3 ℃. Under the condition of 50 kPa, the concentration offlammable gases like CxHy and CO in the pyrolysis flue gas is higher, the highest concentration can reach 3 134.50×10-6 and 0.860% respectively, which increases with the increase of heat release rate.Under the condition of 90 kPa, the concentration of CxHy and CO decreases, which decreases with the increase of heat release rate. The combustion and explosion of the batteries is more violent under the condition of 90 kPa. The concentration of CO2 gas is the proof of the complete combustion of the substance. The highest concentration of CO2 gas under 90 kPa can reach 1.510 7% and it is higher than that under 50 kPa.

Key words: high plateau airport, low pressure, lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, CxHy