主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 340-346.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

长廊型教学楼火灾疏散模拟及对策研究

俞凯1, 刘萍萍1, 周鲁洁2   

  1. （1.山东科技大学 安全与环境工程学院，山东 青岛 266590； 2.山东科技大学 矿山灾害预防控制实验室，山东 青岛 266590）
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-29 修回日期:2024-09-19 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-15
  • 作者简介:俞 凯，山东科技大学（青岛校区）安全与环境工程学院副教授，主要从事应急管理、建筑消防火灾防治等方面研究，山东省青岛市黄岛区前湾港路，266590。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（52204224）；教育部人文社科项目（22YJC840038）

Fire evacuation simulation and countermeasures research in a long corridor-type academic buildings

Yu Kai1, Liu Pingping1, Zhou Lujie2   

  1. (1. School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China; 2. Mine Disaster Prevention and Control Laboratory, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China)
  • Received:2024-03-29 Revised:2024-09-19 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-03-15

摘要： 以某高校某教学楼为研究对象，在现场观测数据的基础上，运用PyroSim和Pathfinder软件进行火灾数值仿真模拟，研究教学楼出口处烟气能见度、环境温度的变化规律对人员疏散的影响，根据疏散结果进行安全性判定，并基于系统动力学原理，提出合理的SD安全对策模型。研究结果表明，优化必要的安全出口，可有效提高疏散效率，疏散总时间缩短了132.5 s；增设必要的自动喷水灭火系统、机械排烟系统，在火灾发生300 s时，出口温度降低，烟气能见度提高了约20 m，可大大提高出口的逃生安全性。

关键词: 高校教学楼, 火灾数值模拟, PyroSim, Pathfinder, 疏散

Abstract: This paper takes a teaching building of a university as the research object, on the basis of on-site observation data, uses PyroSim and Pathfinder software to carry out numerical simulation of fire, to study the influence of the change rule of smoke visibility and ambient temperature at the exit of the teaching building on the evacuation of the personnel, and to make a safety judgement according to the evacuation result, and based on the principle of system dynamics, puts forward a reasonable SD safety countermeasure model. The research results show that optimizing the necessary safety exits can effectively improve the evacuation efficiency, and the total evacuation time is shortened by 132.5 s; Adding the necessary automatic sprinkler system and mechanical smoke exhaust system, 300 s after the fire occurs, the exit temperature is reduced, and the smoke visibility is increased by about 20 m, which can greatly improve the escape safety of the exit.

Key words: university teaching building, numerical simulation of fire, PyroSim, Pathfinder, evacuation