主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 329-334.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

火灾调查人员现场勘验前后呼出气中化学组分的变化分析

刘术军1, 曹鹤男2, 徐芷芊1, 杨明3   

  1. （1.应急管理部沈阳消防研究所，辽宁 沈阳 110034； 2.沈阳航空航天大学 安全工程学院，辽宁 沈阳 110136； 3.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，辽宁 大连 116023）
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-20 修回日期:2024-07-08 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-15
  • 作者简介:刘术军，应急管理部沈阳消防研究所研究员，博士，主要从事火场残留物化学分析及物证鉴定技术方面的研究，辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区文大路218-20号甲，110034。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目（2023JH2/101300119）

Study on exhaled breath change of fire investigators before and after scene investigation based on chemical components analysis

Liu Shujun1, Cao Henan2, Xu Zhiqian1, Yang Ming3   

  1. (1. Shenyang Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Shenyang Liaoning 110034, China; 2. College of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang Liaoning 110136, China; 3. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Liaoning 116023, China)
  • Received:2023-09-20 Revised:2024-07-08 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-03-15

摘要： 为了探究火灾调查人员现场勘验过程中有毒有害气体暴露的风险，本文设计了一套基于质谱检测技术的试验方法，通过采集火灾现场环境气体确定有毒有害气体的组分，然后采集火调人员的呼出气确定人体呼出气的主要成分，最后通过检测火灾现场勘验人员呼出气的变化，进一步得出结论。结果表明：在火灾现场环境气体中，含有多种危害人体健康的挥发性有机化合物，人体呼出气中不含火灾现场中的外源性化合物，而进入火场前后呼出气的分析结果表明，不同防护用品对有毒有害气体的防护效果差别较大，选择不当会吸入较多的有毒有害气体，危害人身健康。尽管人体代谢会排出部分外源性有毒有害物质，但依然要做好人身防护。因此，建议火灾调查人员在现场勘验时应合理选择和佩戴呼吸防护用品，防止工作过程中有毒有害气体的危害，保证人员的人身健康。

关键词: 火灾现场勘验, 呼出气, 暴露风险, 有毒有害气体

Abstract: To investigate the risk of exposure to toxic and harmful gases during the profession of fire scene investigators, this paper designs an experimental method based on mass spectrometry detection technology. By collecting environmental gases at fire scenes, we identify the components of toxic and harmful gases, and by then collecting the exhaled breath of fire investigators, we determine the main components of human exhaled breath. Finally, by analyzing the changes in the exhaled air of fire scene investigators, further conclusions can be drawn. The results show that environmental gases at fire scenes contain various volatile organic compounds that are harmful to human health. Human exhaled breath does not contain exogenous compounds from the fire scenes. However, the analysis of exhaled breath before and after entering the fire scene reveals significant differences in the protective effects of different protective equipment against toxic and harmful gases. Improper selection can lead to the inhalation of a substantial amount of toxic and harmful gases, posing a threat to human health. Although human metabolism can expel exogenous toxic and harmful substances, personal protection is still necessary. Therefore, it is recommended that fire investigators reasonably select and wear respiratory protective equipment during their profession to prevent the hazards of toxic and harmful gases in their work and ensure personal health.

Key words: fire scene investigation, exhaled breath, exposure risk, toxic and hazardous gases