主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 141-146.

• • 上一篇    

一起电焊杂散电流引发的苯罐火灾的事故调查及思考

刘茂林1, 张先悦2, 刘洋3, 崔嵛4   

  1. （1.淄博市消防救援支队，山东 淄博 255000；2.中国石油华东设计院有限公司，山东 青岛 266071；3.国家消防救援局昆明训练总队，云南 昆明 650217；4.山东理工大学 资源与环境工程学院，山东 淄博 255049）
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-29 修回日期:2024-06-13 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 作者简介:刘茂林，淄博市消防救援支队火调技术科科长，主要从事火灾调查方面的研究，山东省淄博市张店区华光路390号，255000。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（51604169）

Investigation and consideration of a benzene tank fire caused by stray welding current

Liu Maolin1, Zhang Xianyue2, Liu Yang3, Cui Yu4   

  1. (1. Zibo Fire and Rescue Division, Zibo Shandong 255000, China; 2. CNPC EastChina Design Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao Shandong 266071, China; 3. Fire and Rescue Training Brigade of Kunming of Fire and Rescue Department, Kunming Yunnan 650217, China; 4. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo Shandong 255049, China)
  • Received:2024-04-29 Revised:2024-06-13 Online:2025-01-21 Published:2025-01-15

摘要： 本文调查了一起典型的电焊引起的苯罐爆炸火灾，通过现场勘验、视频监控、调查询问、可能点火源排除和模拟现场试验，确定火灾由电焊杂散电流引起。电焊杂散电流作为一种潜在的火灾风险，因其路径隐蔽且认知需要一定专业性而常被忽视。通过分析电焊杂散电流的产生机理，得出存在多条电流通路是杂散电流产生的必要条件，而电焊机部件老化或电流通路接触不良、电焊夹位置不当、焊接线缆规格和参数不符合要求导致的正常电流通路电阻过大，则是杂散电流超出安全值的根本原因。构建了电焊杂散电流引起苯罐爆炸的故障树，从混合气体达到爆炸极限浓度、电焊杂散电流超出安全值、电极放电或介质过热3个方面，分析了电焊杂散电流引起苯罐爆炸的影响因素，进而给出了防范类似火灾的具体措施，为电焊安全管理提供参考。

关键词: 电焊杂散电流, 苯罐爆炸, 火灾调查, 故障树

Abstract: This study investigated a typical benzene tank explosion incident in a benzene tank caused by stray welding currents. Through on-site inspection, video surveillance, interviews, potential ignition source exclusion, and simulated on-site tests, it was determined that the fire was caused by stray welding currents. The fire risk from stray welding currents is often overlooked due to its concealed pathways and the specialized knowledge required for its recognition. Analyzing the mechanism of stray current generation in welding shows that the existence of multiple current paths is a necessary condition for the generation of stray currents, and the fundamental reasons for the stray currents exceeding the safety values are the aging of welding machine components, poor contact of current paths, improper positioning of welding clamps, and welding cable specifications and parameters not meeting the requirements, resulting in excessive normal path resistance. A fault tree for the benzene tank explosion caused by stray welding currents was established, analyzing the influencing factors of the explosion from three aspects: reaching the explosive limit concentration of mixed gases, stray welding currents exceeding safety values, and electrode discharge or overheating of the medium. Specific measures to prevent similar fires are then proposed to provide references for the safety management of welding.

Key words: stray welding current, benzene tank explosion, fire investigation, fault tree