主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 48-53.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

电动自行车燃烧特性及火灾抑制效果试验研究

刘振飞, 何学超, 冯小军   

  1. （应急管理部四川消防研究所，四川 成都 610036）
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09 修回日期:2024-06-27 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 作者简介:刘振飞，应急管理部四川消防研究所助理研究员，博士，主要从事新能源火灾防控技术及相关标准化研究，四川省成都市金牛区金科南路69号，610036，zhenfei_liu@126.com。

Experimental study on the combustion characteristics and fire suppression effect of electric bicycles

Liu Zhenfei, He Xuechao, Feng Xiaojun   

  1. (Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Chengdu Sichuan 610036, China)
  • Received:2024-04-09 Revised:2024-06-27 Online:2025-01-21 Published:2025-01-15

摘要： 为了研究电动自行车的燃烧特性及火灾抑制效果，开展了单辆电动自行车实体火灾试验及模拟车棚内电动自行车火灾灭火试验，研究对比了悬挂式干粉灭火器和简易水喷淋系统对车棚内电动自行车火灾蔓延的抑制效能。结果表明：单辆电动自行车燃烧时产生的最高温度和最大热释放速率分别为646 ℃和1 337 kW，且伴随有射流火现象。在灭火试验中，悬挂式干粉灭火器可暂时抑制明火，动作结束后，火势出现多次复燃，除试验车辆被完全烧毁外，还有3辆车局部严重损毁；简易喷淋系统可快速扑灭车身明火、降低车身温度，且未出现明显复燃的现象。试验过程中，仅试验车辆被烧毁，未引燃相邻的电动自行车。因此，简易喷淋系统可作为电动自行车集中充电场所有效抑制火灾的措施之一。

关键词: 电动自行车火灾, 燃烧特性, 干粉灭火器, 简易喷淋系统, 火灾抑制

Abstract: In order to study the combustion characteristics of electric bicycles and the suppression efficiency of fire suppression systems on electric bicycles fires, physical fire tests of the single electric bicycle and fire extinguishing tests of electric bicycles in simulated bike shed are conducted. The suppression efficiency of hanging dry powder fire extinguisher and simple sprinkler system for the fire spreading of electric bicycles in bike shed are studied. The results show that the maximum temperature of the single electric bicycle fire is 646 ℃, the maximum heat release rate is 1 337 kW. Moreover, the phenomenon of jet fire is observed. In the fire extinguishing test, hanging powder extinguishing device can temporarily inhibit the open flame. After the action is completed, the fire is rekindled many times. In addition to the tested electric bicycle being completely burned, three other bicycles are also seriously damaged. The simple sprinkler system can quickly extinguish open flame and reduce the temperature of electric bicycles. And there is no obvious re-ignition phenomenon. During the test, only the tested electric bicycle is burned, and adjacent electric bicycles are not ignited. Therefore, the simple sprinkler system can be one of the effective measures to suppress the fires in centralized charging areas for electric bicycles.

Key words: electric bicycle fire, combustion characteristics, dry powder fire extinguisher, simple sprinkler system, fire suppression