主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 41-47.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池电解液安全性提升研究进展

王金博1, 王学宝2, 李孝斌2   

  1. （1.中国人民警察大学 研究生院，河北 廊坊 065000； 2.中国人民警察大学 防火工程学院，河北 廊坊 065000）
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04 修回日期:2024-07-19 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 作者简介:王金博，中国人民警察大学硕士研究生，主要从事火灾预防与控制技术方面的研究，河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号，065000。

Research progress on the safety improvement of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

Wang Jinbo1, Wang Xuebao2, Li Xiaobin2   

  1. (1. Graduate School, China People's Police University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China; 2. College of Fire Protection Engineering, China People's Police University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China)
  • Received:2024-06-04 Revised:2024-07-19 Online:2025-01-21 Published:2025-01-15

摘要： 锂离子电池使用的含高挥发性和易燃性有机溶剂电解液引起的火灾问题日益引起人们的重视。电解液的火灾隐患主要与其化学性质密切相关，由于在高温条件下以及过充电和机械损伤时不稳定，极易引发热失控，导致电池燃烧或爆炸。综合分析了电解液的火灾危险性及其对锂离子电池安全性的影响，从热稳定性、阻燃性和抗过充能力3个方面综述了2019年以来在开发更具安全性的电解液材料方面的研究进展，旨在为未来安全性锂离子电池电解液的设计和开发提供科学依据和参考。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电解液, 热稳定性, 阻燃性, 抗过充稳定性

Abstract: Increasing attention is being paid to safety concerns, particularly those associated with the risk of fires caused by the use of organic solvent electrolytes with high volatility and flammability. The fire hazards of electrolytes are closely linked to their chemical properties, as they are prone to thermal runaway under high temperature conditions, overcharging, and mechanical damage, leading to battery combustion or explosion. A comprehensive analysis of the fire hazards of electrolytes and their impact on the safety of lithium-ion batteries is presented in this paper. Research progress in the development of safer electrolyte materials since 2019 is reviewed from the perspectives of thermal stability, flame retardancy, and resistance to overcharging. The objective of this study is to provide a scientific foundation and reference for the design and development of safer electrolytes for future lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, electrolyte, thermal stability, flame retardancy, overcharge resistance