主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.

• •    下一篇

锂电池火灾爆炸风险九度分析模型及安全防范策略研究

李季梅, 陈宁, 姚晓晖   

  1. （北京市科学技术研究院 城市安全与环境科学研究所，北京 100054）
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16 修回日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 作者简介:李季梅，北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所副研究员，博士，主要从事风险管理及安全评价方面的研究，北京市西城区陶然亭路55号，100054。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（72304042）；北京市科学技术研究院北科青年学者计划（25CE-YS-08）；国家社会科学基金重点项目（19AZD019）

Research on nine-dimensional model and safety prevention strategies of fire and explosion risk for lithium battery

Li Jimei, Chen Ning, Yao Xiaohui   

  1. (Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China)
  • Received:2024-04-16 Revised:2024-07-29 Online:2025-01-21 Published:2025-01-15

摘要： 提出九度分析模型，从技术本体、致灾能量、风险受体以及管控能力等方面系统地刻画了锂电池火灾爆炸风险的特征。以手机、电动自行车和电动汽车这3个主要的个人终端应用领域为例，利用该模型得出电动自行车锂电池火灾爆炸风险最高。基于锂电池火灾爆炸成灾过程分析，从技术本体约束、风险致因能量控制、能量释放路径屏蔽及风险受体防护4个方面提出安全防范措施，为锂电池技术的安全发展提供支撑，也为其他新能源技术的风险分析与安全防范提供思路。

关键词: 新能源, 锂电池, 火灾爆炸风险, 九度分析模型, 安全防范

Abstract: The nine-dimensional model proposed in this paper systematically characterizes the features of fire and explosion risk of lithium battery from the aspects of technology ontology, disaster energy, risk receptors, and management. The model is used to evaluate the disaster risk of three main application areas of lithium battery, namely mobile phone, electric bicycle, and electric vehicle. The fire and explosion risk caused by lithium battery in electric bicycle is found to be the highest. By analyzing the disaster procedure of lithium battery, some safety prevention measures are proposed from technical ontology constraints, risk causing energy control, energy release path shielding, and risk receptor protection respectively. The results provide support for the safety management of lithium battery technology, and also provide ideas for risk analysis and control of other new energy technologies.

Key words: new energy, lithium battery, fire and explosion risk, nine-dimensional model, safety prevention