主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 1459-1465.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

消防水枪辅助支撑外骨骼的设计与可靠性分析

李艳志1,2,3, 白小龙4, 王建敏4   

  1. （1. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；2. 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；3. 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381；4. 天津大学 机械工程学院，天津 300354）
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-20 修回日期:2024-02-12 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-15
  • 作者简介:作者简介：李艳志（1987- ），女，河北承德人，应急管理部天津消防研究所，硕士，主要从事智慧消防方面的研究工作，天津市南开区卫津南路110号,300381。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2022SJ01）

Design and reliability analysis of the exoskeleton of fire gun

Li Yanzhi1,2,3, Bai Xiaolong4, Wang Jianmin4   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science an Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China)
  • Received:2023-10-20 Revised:2024-02-12 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-15

摘要： 针对当前消防工作场景中，消防员需要长时间托举水枪导致身体容易疲劳这一问题，研制了消防水枪外骨骼。在初步完成外骨骼的受力结构设计后，为验证受力结构在工作时的可靠性，使用ABAQUS仿真软件对其进行应力应变分析。有限元计算结果显示，由于开启水枪的瞬间会产生较大冲击载荷，此时外骨骼在水枪冲击作用下会产生工作状态时最大应力，在工作状态下，外骨骼危险部件的最大应力为1.639×10-2 MPa，最大形变为4.835×10-3 mm，均在合理安全的数值范围内。在验证外骨骼具有较高可靠性后，对其进行总体设计，详细阐述受力结构，以及非受力的功能性部分的设计完善。在实物测试中，对比不穿戴外骨骼进行灭火作业时，消防员在穿戴外骨骼进行灭火作业时明显感受到托举水枪的小臂受到的负载减轻，身体左右两侧肌肉发力更为均衡。利用生物力学分析，分析穿戴外骨骼前后进行消防作业时人体多个关节和肌肉部分的受力情况，结果表明，穿戴外骨骼后，关节受力情况均有所改善，肌肉激活度有所下降。

关键词: 消防装备, 上肢外骨骼, 有限元仿真, 可靠性分析, 生物力学仿真

Abstract: In view of the phenomenon that firefighters are required to lift the water gun hose for a long time in the current firefighting work scene and are prone to physical fatigue, a firefighting water gun exoskeleton was developed for the firefighting work scene. After the preliminary completion of the force structure design of the exoskeleton, in order to verify the reliability of the exoskeleton at work, ABAQUS finite element simulation software was used to carry out the stress and strain analysis. The finite element calculation results show that, due to the large impact load will be generated at the moment when the water gun is opened, the maximum stress of the exoskeleton under the impact of the water gun will be generated. The maximum stress of the dangerous parts of the exoskeleton under the working state is 1.639×10-2 MPa, and the maximum deformation is 4.835×10-3 mm. All the values are within the reasonable and safe range. After verifying the high reliability of the exoskeleton, the overall design is carried out, and the stress structure and non stress functional parts are elaborated in detail to improve the design. In the physical test, compared with the firefighting operation without wearing exoskeleton, the fireman obviously felt the lower load on the forearm used to lift the water gun while wearing exoskeleton, and the force sensation of the left and right muscles of the body was improved more evenly. Using biomechanical analysis, the force distribution of multiple joints and muscle parts in the human body during firefighting operations before and after wearing exoskeletons was analyzed. The results showed that after wearing exoskeletons, the joint force distribution improved and muscle activation decreased.

Key words: firefighting equipment, upper limb exoskeleton, finite element simulation, reliability analysis, biomechanical simulation