主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 1259-1265.

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施工隧道火灾烟气蔓延特性与温度分布试验研究

邱明轩1, 于伟2, 徐琳1, 赵英浩1   

  1. （1. 山东建筑大学 热能工程学院，山东 济南 250101；2. 中铁十四局集团有限公司，山东 济南 250101）
  • 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-15
  • 作者简介:邱明轩(1999- )，男，山东淄博人，山东建筑大学热能工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事隧道火灾研究，山东省济南市凤鸣路1000号，250101。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金面上项目（ZR2021ME200）

Experimental study on smoke spread characteristics and temperature distribution in tunnel fire during construction

Qiu Mingxuan1, Yu Wei2, Xu Lin1, Zhao Yinghao1   

  1. (1. School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Shandong Jinan 250101, China;2. China Railway 14 th Bureau Group Co.,Ltd., Shandong Jinan 250101, China)
  • Online:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-15

摘要： 为研究施工隧道中不同纵向火源位置和热释放速率下火灾烟气的蔓延特性及温度分布，采用缩尺寸试验的研究方法，建立缩尺寸施工隧道模型，测量了隧道顶棚下方纵向和竖向的烟气温度。结果表明：在自然排烟条件下，烟气在施工隧道中不能及时排出，会碰壁形成反弹烟流，不断沉降至隧道底板上方0.1 m附近。纵向火源位置对烟气蔓延速度和纵向温度衰减速率的影响较大。随着火源向左侧封闭端移动，火源右侧烟气蔓延速度增大，纵向温度衰减速率减小；火源左侧烟气蔓延速度减小，纵向温度衰减速率增大。无量纲竖向烟气温升符合自相似规律，呈复合函数分布。综合考虑纵向火源位置、热释放速率的影响，总结了烟气蔓延速度的变化规律，建立了隧道顶棚下方竖向烟气温度分布的试验相关性。

关键词: 施工隧道, 火灾, 烟气蔓延, 温度分布, 自然排烟, 试验研究

Abstract: In order to study the smoke spread characteristics and smoke temperature distribution in construction tunnel fire under different longitudinal fire source locations and heat release rates, a reduced-scale construction tunnel model was established by using the model⁃scale experiment method. The longitudinal and vertical smoke temperature distribution under the tunnel ceiling was measured. The results show that under the condition of natural smoke exhaust, the smoke can not be discharged in time inside the construction tunnel, and then hit the wall to form a rebound smoke flow, which continuously settled to about 0.1 m above the tunnel floor. The longitudinal fire source location has great influence on the smoke spread speed and the longitudinal temperature attenuation rate. As the fire source moves to the left closed end, on the right side of the fire source, the smoke spread speed increases and the longitudinal temperature attenuation rate decreases. For the left side of the fire source, the smoke spread speed decreases and the longitudinal temperature attenuation rate increases. The dimensionless vertical smoke temperature rise accords with the self-similarity law, showing a composite function distribution. Considering the influence of longitudinal fire source location and heat release rate, the variation of the smoke spread velocity is summarized, and the experimental correlations are established to predict the vertical smoke temperature distributions under the tunnel ceiling.

Key words: construction tunnel, fire, smoke spread, temperature distribution, natural smoke exhaust, experimental study