主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 1234-1239.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

高海拔环境竖井长宽比对隧道竖井自然排烟性能的影响

高子鹤1, 蔡佳俊1, 范传刚2, 钟委3   

  1. （1. 郑州大学 土木工程学院，河南 郑州 450001；2. 中南大学 土木工程学院，湖南 长沙410083；3. 郑州大学 力学与工程安全学院，河南 郑州 450001）
  • 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-15
  • 作者简介:高子鹤（1990— ），男，郑州大学土木工程学院教授，主要从事地下建筑火灾防治研究，河南省郑州市高新区科学大道100号，450001。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52076198；52376130)；河南省优秀青年科学基金项目(222300420078)

Research on the impact of shaft aspect ratio on natural smoke exhaust performance of tunnel shafts in high-altitude tunnels

Gao Zihe1, Cai Jiajun1, Fan Chuangang2, Zhong Wei3   

  1. (1. School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Hunan Changsha 410083, China;3. School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Henan Zhengzhou 450001, China)
  • Online:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-15

摘要： 通过FDS数值模拟软件，研究不同环境压强下竖井长宽比对隧道内烟气流动和竖井自然排烟性能的影响。研究考虑了竖井长宽比和环境压强，分析竖井附近的温度分布、流场分布、竖井排出烟气中各成分的量等参数。研究结果表明，在保持竖井横截面积不变的情况下，竖井长宽比的增加会使得排烟能力先下降后保持稳定；在竖井长宽比过小的情况下，竖井出口处会产生涡流，降低排烟能力；环境压强的增加，使得烟囱效应增强，排烟能力略微增强，同时会使吸穿现象更容易发生。因此，对于高海拔隧道中竖井自然排烟系统的设计，合理设置竖井长宽比有利于排出更多烟气，提高排烟能力。

关键词: 隧道火灾, 竖井, 数值模拟, 排烟效率, 自然通风, 吸穿

Abstract: By using FDS numerical simulation software, the impact of the shaft aspect ratio on the smoke flow and the performance of shaft natural smoke exhaust under different ambient pressures is studied. The study considers the shaft aspect ratio and ambient pressures, and analyses parameters such as temperature and flow field distribution near the shaft, and the amount of each component in the smoke exhausted from the shaft. The study results showed that the increase of the shaft aspect ratio caused the smoke exhaust capacity to first decrease and then remain stable while keeping the shaft cross-sectional area constant. In the case of the shaft aspect ratio is too small, eddy will be generated at the shaft opening, which will reduce the smoke exhaust capacity. The increase in ambient pressure results in an increased stack effect and a slight increase in smoke exhaust capacity, while it can make plug-holing more likely to occur. Therefore, for the design of natural smoke exhaust systems in high-altitude tunnels, setting a proper shaft aspect ratio is convenient for exhausting more smoke and improves the smoke exhaust capacity.

Key words: tunnel fire, shaft, numerical simulations, smoke exhaust efficiency, natural ventilation, plug-holing