主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 1195-1203.

• •    下一篇

城市交通隧道电动汽车火灾安全研究进展

李炎锋1, 杜甜美1, 刘爽1, 董启伟2   

  1. （1. 北京工业大学绿色建筑环境与节能技术北京市重点实验室，北京 100124；2. 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司，北京 100082）
  • 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-15
  • 作者简介:李炎锋（1971— ），男，北京工业大学教授，博士，博士生导师，主要从事城市地下空间建筑火灾安全技术方面的研究，北京市朝阳区平乐园100号北京工业大学城市建设学部建环系，100124，liyanfeng@bjut.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金资助项目（8222002）

Research progress on fire safety protection of electric vehicles in urban traffic tunnels

Li Yanfeng1, Du Tianmei1, Liu Shuang1, Dong Qiwei2   

  1. (1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;2. Beijing Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100082, China)
  • Online:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-15

摘要： 城市电动汽车数量增加给城市交通隧道消防安全带来了新的挑战。论文首先归纳了隧道内电动车辆火灾研究的科学问题和关键技术问题，总结了电动汽车火灾成因及研究手段、火灾燃烧热特性、燃烧产物特性等领域的研究成果，分析了隧道狭长受限空间结构对电动汽车火灾发展过程的影响，探讨了城市交通隧道电动汽车火灾的消防救援。根据现行消防标准规范及隧道消防设计指南，讨论了应对电动汽车火灾交通隧道消防系统设计需要改进的要点。研究表明，新能源车火灾场景比燃油车火灾场景更复杂，主要表现在电池不稳定的喷射火源、持续时间、峰值热释放和峰值温度、汽车带电风险等方面。目前电动汽车火灾实体试验研究主要是在大空间或者开放空间中进行，隧道受限空间对电池燃烧特性影响、电动汽车火灾羽流特性以及有毒烟气蔓延及控制还缺乏系统性研究。研究成果能够为城市交通隧道的消防设计、安全运营以及应急救援预案制定提供参考。

关键词: 电动汽车, 火灾, 热释放率, 热失控, 城市交通隧道

Abstract: The increase in the number of urban electric vehicles brings new challenges to urban traffic tunnel fire safety belts. The paper first summarizes the scientific and key technical issues related to the study of electric vehicle fires in tunnels, and then presents research findings in areas such as the causes of electric vehicle fires and research methodologies, thermal characteristics of fire combustion, characteristics of fire combustion products, etc. It also examines the impact of the narrow and confined environment of tunnels on the development of electric vehicle fires and discusses fire rescue strategies for electric vehicle fires in urban traffic tunnels. According to current fire safety standards and tunnel fire design guidelines, the key points for improving the design of fire protection systems in traffic tunnels to address electric vehicle fires are discussed. Research indicates that fire incidents involving new energy vehicles are more complex compared to those involving conventional fuel-powered vehicles. This complexity is primarily manifested in unstable battery ignition sources, prolonged durations, peak heat release rates, peak temperatures, and the risk of electric vehicle electrification. Moreover, there remains a lack of systematic studies on the influence of confined tunnel spaces on battery combustion characteristics, the characteristics of plumes generated by electric vehicle fires, as well as the spread and control of toxic smoke. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for the design of fire protection systems in urban traffic tunnels, ensuring safe operations, and formulating emergency response plans.

Key words: electric vehicle, fire, heat release rate, thermal runaway, urban traffic tunnel