主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 1335-1340.

• • 上一篇    

既有地铁车站纵向通风烟气控制模式试验研究

端木祥玲, 杨泽瑀, 张文斌, 魏晓莉   

  1. （中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100013）
  • 接受日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-23
  • 作者简介:端木祥玲（1982- ）,女,中国建筑科学研究院建筑防火研究所安全评估室副主任，硕士，高级工程师，一级注册消防工程师，主要从事消防安全评估、特殊消防设计、火灾风险评估以及消防规划等工作，北京市北三环东路30号，100013，duanmuxiangling@163.com。

Experimental study on smoke control mode of longitudinal ventilation in existing subway station

Duanmu Xiangling, Yang Zeyu, Zhang Wenbin, Wei Xiaoli   

  1. By the experiment on the existing railway station in Beijing, the smoke spread law and downdraft velocity under different smoke control conditions are analyzed. At the same time, the numerical simulation model corresponding to the actual size is established by FDS, and the working condition of smoke control mode change is added. Based on the available safe egress time judgment of the visibility, the smoke exhaust capacity in platform is studied. The results show that: for different smoke control modes, the smoke spreading law is not consistent. For the existing station, opening all fans and only opening No.1 fan will cause negative pressure at the staircase, that is, the smoke from the fire on the platform will not spread to the station hall; the analysis of the downdraft airflow velocity of the staircase section shows that the opening of all fans meets the requirements of the standard downdraft airflow velocity of the staircase of 1.5 m/s, while only opening No.1 fan, one side of the platform cannot meet the requirements of the standard; on the basis of the analysis of the smoke spreading law and the section wind speed, it is known that No.1 fan plays a main role in the station safety; combined with the test data of the staircase section wind speed and the simulated data of the available safe egress time judgment of the visibility, it is known that opening all fans greatly improves the safety of the station hall compared with only opening No.1 fan, but has little effect on the smoke exhaust capacity of the station.
  • Accepted:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-23

摘要： 在北京某地铁车站开展现场试验，对不同烟气控制条件下烟气蔓延规律及楼梯口向下气流速度进行分析研究，同时利用FDS建立对应实际尺寸的数值模拟模型，增加烟气控制模式改变的工况，基于判断能见度危险来临时间对站台排烟能力展开分析研究。研究表明：针对不同烟气控制模式，烟气蔓延规律不尽一致，对于该既有车站而言开启全部风机及仅开启1号风机会造成楼梯口负压情形，即站台发生火灾烟气不会蔓延至站厅；分析楼梯口断面向下气流速度，可知开启全部风机时，楼梯口风速满足规范的楼梯口向下气流速度1.5 m/s的要求，而仅开启1号风机，一侧站台无法满足规范要求；在烟气蔓延规律分析及断面风速分析的基础上，可知1号风机对车站安全起主要作用；结合楼梯口断面风速试验数据与能见度危险来临时间模拟数据，可知开启全部风机相较仅开启1号风机大幅度提升了站厅安全性，但对站台排烟能力提升作用较小。

关键词: 地铁车站火灾；烟气控制模式；数值模拟；烟气蔓延；向下气流

Abstract: existing subway station fire; smoke control mode; numerical simulation; smoke spread; downdraft airflow