主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 1174-1180.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多目标层次覆盖的消防救援站布防技术

晏明海1, 王伟2, 郭凯1, 田世祥1   

  1. （1. 贵州大学 矿业学院，贵州 贵阳 550025；2. 应急管理部上海消防研究所，上海 200032）
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 修回日期:2024-03-13 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-15
  • 作者简介:晏明海(1999- )，男，贵州铜仁人，贵州大学矿业学院硕士研究生，主要从事消防安全方面的研究，贵州省贵阳市花溪区，550025。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：应急管理部消防救援局科技计划项目（2020XFLR40）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合支撑[2021]一般 520）

Fire station deployment technology based on multi⁃objective hiearchical coverage

Yan Minghai1, Wang Wei2, Guo Kai1, Tian Shixiang1   

  1. (1. Mining School of Guizhou University, Guizhou Guiyang 550025, China; 2. Shanghai Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Shanghai 200032, China)
  • Received:2023-07-10 Revised:2024-03-13 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-15

摘要： 为探析城市火灾空间分布，提出科学高效的城市消防站布局，以上海市浦东新区为研究对象，基于兴趣点（POI）、城市路网、消防站等数据，运用SAVEE法和德尔菲法识别城市火灾风险，利用“位置-分配”模型和“服务区”模型从多个角度开展多目标消防协同布防研究。结果表明：火灾高风险区主要集中在浦东新区的花木街道、金桥经济技术开发区、惠南镇等区域；浦东新区现行消防站整体覆盖率为59.94%，主要责任辖区覆盖率为95.2%，其他等级的覆盖情况均低于消防覆盖标准；在现有消防站的基础上，需新增8座消防救援站，以进一步优化浦东新区消防布局。

关键词: 消防救援站, 多目标, 兴趣点数据, “服务区”模型, “位置-分配”模型

Abstract: In order to explore the spatial distribution of urban fires and propose a scientifically efficient layout of urban fire stations, the Pudong New Area of Shanghai was taken as the research object. Based on data such as points of interest (POI), urban road network, and fire stations, the SAVEE method and Delphi method were used to identify urban fire risks. The "location allocation" model and "service area" model were used to conduct multi-objective fire collaborative deployment research from multiple perspectives. The results show that high-risk fire areas are mainly concentrated in areas such as Huamu Street, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Huinan Town in Pudong New Area; The overall coverage rate of the current fire stations in Pudong New Area is 59.94%, with a coverage rate of 95.2% in the main responsible areas. The coverage of other levels is lower than the fire coverage standards; On the basis of the existing fire stations, 8 new fire rescue stations need to be added to further optimize the fire protection layout in Pudong New Area.

Key words: fire rescue station, multi?objective, interest point data, "service area" model, "location allocation" model