主管:中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办:应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 1132-1137.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

细水雾抑制锂离子电池热失控及火焰对抗研究

张倩1, 陈慧敏1, 金渊1, 刘通2, 3   

  1. (1. 国网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院,北京 100075;2. 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116;3. 中国科学技术大学 火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230026)
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-21 修回日期:2024-03-24 出版日期:2024-08-19 发布日期:2024-08-15
  • 作者简介:张 倩(1990- ),女,北京人,国网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院工程师,主要从事新能源汽车安全监测及防控技术研究,北京市丰台区南三环中路30号,100075。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:国家电网公司总部科技项目(5400-202355235A-1-1-ZN)

Study on the suppression of thermal runaway and flame confrontation of lithium-ion batteries with water mist

Zhang Qian1, Chen Huimin1, Jin Yuan1, Liu Tong2, 3   

  1. (1. Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100075, China; 2. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116,China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Hefei 230026, China)
  • Received:2024-02-21 Revised:2024-03-24 Online:2024-08-19 Published:2024-08-15

摘要: 细水雾凭借其冷却效果成为锂离子电池热失控防治的有效技术手段之一。本研究考虑安全阀喷出气体的热量损失,对比了不同热失控阶段应用细水雾抑制的效果,分析了热失控过程中各部分的热量,解释了热失控期间电池火焰和细水雾对抗的动力学原理,主要结论如下:细水雾冷却抑制热失控存在临界积累热密度,超过该临界值后,细水雾将无法抑制热失控的发展,但能够显著减少热失控后电池冷却所需的时间;在热失控触发后会出现细水雾和热失控火焰的对抗现象,其显著改变了火焰高度,使对抗界面的压力显著增加。本文提出的修正冷却倍率因子可有效判断细水雾与电池火焰对抗状态。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 细水雾, 热失控, 积累热密度, 冷却

Abstract: This paper introduces the basic structure and working principle of lithium-ion batteries, analyzes the trigger mode of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, and focuses on the analysis of fire extinguishing mechanism, fire extinguishing agent preparation and fire extinguishing performance of three new lithium-ion battery fire extinguishing agents, namely hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent and dry water fire extinguishing agent. On this basis, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the three fire extinguishing agents, and provides ideas for the improvement of the fire extinguishing effect and performance of the fire extinguishing agent in the future. It is of great significance to improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries and promote the development and application of electrochemical energy storage technology.

Key words: lithium ion battery, thermal runaway, fire extinguishing mechanism, hydrogel, perfluorohexanone, dry water