主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 855-859.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

不同温度下氟碳链长度对表面活性剂理化性能的影响

朱新华1,2, 黄河1, 张宇强1,3   

  1. （1. 中国民用航空飞行学院 民航安全工程学院，四川 广汉 618307；2. 民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室，四川 广汉 618307；3. 四川省全电通航飞行器关键技术工程研究中心，四川 广汉 618307）
  • 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-15
  • 作者简介:朱新华（1988- ），男，重庆奉节人，中国民用航空飞行学院副教授，博士，主要从事泡沫灭火剂及阻燃材料相关研究，四川省广汉市南昌路四段46号，618307，zhuxinhua19@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自科基金面上项目（2022NSFSC0302）；中国民用航空飞行学院面上项目（J2020-108）；中国民用航空飞行学院面上项目（J2021-100）；中国民用航空飞行学院面上项目（J2021-099）

The effect of fluorocarbon chain length on the physicochemical properties of surfactants at different temperatures

Zhu Xinhua1,2, Huang He1, Zhang Yuqiang1,3   

  1. (1. College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Sichuan Guanghan 618307, China;2. Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Guanghan 618307, electric Navigable Aircraft, Sichuan Guanghan 618307, China)China;3. Sichuan Key Technology Engineering Research Center for All
  • Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-15

摘要： 基于3种不同氟碳链长度的表面活性剂，研究温度（0~40 ℃）对氟碳表面活性剂理化性能（表面活性、发泡性能和铺展性能）的影响。结果表明，随着温度的升高，氟碳表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度（CMC）增大，表面张力（γCMC）降低，且表面活性剂的氟碳链越长，其形成胶束的能力越强，其中FC8表面活性剂溶液的CMC最小（0.23 mmol/L），γCMC值最低（15.07 mN/m）；低温下氟碳表面活性剂发泡倍数最低（特别是FC4在0 ℃时仅为3.70倍），升温到20 ℃时发泡倍数达到最佳（6.00~8.73倍），继续升温对发泡倍数影响不大，且相同温度下氟碳链越长发泡倍数越大，FC8的发泡倍数在20 ℃时达到8.73倍；表面活性剂铺展系数（S）随温度的升高而增大，当温度达到20 ℃时S的变化趋于平缓，且氟碳链越长越有利于降低单位面积表面活性剂的消耗量，节约成本。由此可见，低温对短氟碳链表面活性剂性能影响较大，特别是发泡倍数低达不到使用要求，若应用在水成膜泡沫灭火剂中还需进行复配提高其使用性能。

关键词: 氟碳链, 表面活性剂, 表面张力, 发泡性能, 铺展性能

Abstract: In this work, the effects of temperature (0~40 ℃) on physicochemical properties (surface activity, foaming property and spreading property) of three surfactants with different fluorocarbon chain lengths were studied. The results show that with the increase of temperature, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the fluorocarbon surfactant increased, the surface tension (γCMC) decreased. And the longer the fluorocarbon chain of the surfactant, the stronger the micelle formation ability, in which the CMC of the FC8 surfactant solution was the smallest (0.23 mmol/L), and the γCMC value was the lowest (15.07 mN /m). At low temperature, the foaming ratio of fluorocarbon surfactant is the lowest (especially FC4 is only 3.70 times at 0 ℃), and the foaming ratio reaches the best (6.00~8.73 times) when the temperature rises to 20 ℃. The surfactants achieve the best foaming ratio at a temperature of 20 ℃, and further heating has little effect on the foaming ratio. At the same temperature, the longer the fluorocarbon chain, the larger the foaming ratio, and the foaming ratio of FC8 reached 8.73 times at 20 ℃. Moreover, the spreading coefficient (S) of fluorocarbon surfactant increases with the increase of temperature, and the change of S tends to be gentle when the temperature reaches 20 ℃, and the longer the fluorocarbon chain is conducive to reducing the consumption of surfactant per unit area and saving cost. It can be seen that low temperature has a great impact on the performance of short fluorocarbon chain surfactants, especially when the foaming ratio is too low to meet the use requirements. If it is used in aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent, it needs to be compounded to improve its use performance.

Key words: fluorocarbon chains, surfactants, surface tension, foaming performance, spreading performance