主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 767-773.

• •    下一篇

液体浸没条件下锂离子电池新型热灾害的研究进展与挑战

周彪1, 葛慕滢1, 王凯1, 任常兴2,3,4   

  1. （1. 中国矿业大学（北京） 应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100091；2. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；3. 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；4. 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）
  • 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-15
  • 作者简介:周 彪(1986— )，男，山西文水人，中国矿业大学（北京）应急管理与安全工程学院，副教授，工学博士，主要从事新型含氟灭火剂的开发与评价、建筑火灾等方面的研究，北京市海淀区学院路丁11号，100091,zhoubiao1088@cumtb.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市科技新星计划项目（Z211100002121102）；天津市多元投入重点项目（22JCZDJC00900）；工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室开放课题（2023KLIB02）

Research progress and challenges of new thermal disasters of lithium-ion batteries under liquid immersion conditions

Zhou Biao1, Ge Muying1, Wang Kai1, Ren Changxing2,3,4   

  1. (1. School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100091, China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China;4. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-15

摘要： 在“碳达峰、碳中和”的背景下，浸没式液冷技术是具有良好应用前景的锂离子电池热管理技术之一。在新一代热管理系统中，锂离子电池热失控诱导火灾依然是一个重大的安全隐患。本文全面梳理了当前浸没式液冷技术的研究进展,分析了浸没条件下锂离子电池热灾害的多种模式，提出锂离子电池新型热灾害的研究趋势。首先，介绍了浸没式液冷技术及其优劣势、液冷方法以及液冷介质，重点介绍了相变液冷技术以及部分常用液冷剂的物性参数；其次，梳理了近年来浸没式液冷技术的进展与政策；再次，从浸没条件下锂离子电池老化、热失控以及二次灾害等方面对浸没条件下新型锂离子电池热灾害的模式进行了深入分析和讨论，并指出现有研究存在的不足；最后,提出未来浸没式液冷条件下，新型锂离子电池安全防护技术研究的发展方向。文章有助于提升浸没条件下锂离子电池组热安全性，增强热灾害发生后的应急能力。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 火灾, 液冷剂, 浸没式液冷技术, 新型热灾害模式

Abstract: In the context of “peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality”, immersion liquid cooling technology is one of the lithium-ion battery thermal management technologies with good application prospects. In the new generation of thermal management systems, the thermal runaway-induced fire of lithium-ion batteries is still a major safety hazard. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of current research advances in immersion liquid-cooling technology, and multiple modes of thermal damage in lithium-ion batteries under immersion conditions are analyzed, and the research trend of thermal damage in new lithium-ion batteries is proposed. Firstly, immersion liquid cooling technology, its advantages and disadvantages, liquid cooling methods and liquid cooling medium are introduced, focusing on phase change liquid cooling technology and the physical parameters of some commonly used liquid cooling agents. Secondly, the progress and policies of immersion liquid cooling technology in recent years are sorted out. Thirdly, from the immersion conditions of lithium-ion battery aging, thermal runaway and secondary disasters and other aspects， the new lithium-ion battery thermal disaster mode is in-depth analyzed and discussed, pointing out the existing research deficiencies. And finally put forward in the future immersion liquid-cooling conditions, the new lithium-ion battery safety and protection technology research development direction. The research of this thesis will help to improve the thermal safety of lithium-ion battery packs under immersion conditions and enhance the post-disaster emergency response capability after thermal disasters.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, fire, liquid coolant, immersion liquid cooling technology, new thermal disaster mode