主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 762-766.

• • 上一篇    

光伏火灾带电扑救触电安全性分析研究

王玥1,2,3,4, 张网1,2,3, 吕东1,2,3   

  1. （1. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津300381；2. 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；3. 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381；4. 天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院，天津300072）
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-20 修回日期:2024-03-10 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 作者简介:王 玥（1990- ），男，内蒙古包头人，应急管理部天津消防研究所助理研究员，主要从事光伏火灾防控关键技术方面的研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381，wangyue@tfri.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    应急管理部天津消防研究所基本科研项目（2023SJ01）；天津市自然科学基金项目(22JCONJC01720)

Safety analysis of electric shock during fire suppression activities involving photovoltaic system

Wang Yue1,2,3,4, Zhang Wang1,2,3, Lv Dong1,2,3   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China;2. Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)
  • Received:2024-01-20 Revised:2024-03-10 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-15

摘要： 由于光伏发电系统在有光照条件下会持续发电，故无法切断其电源，而使用传统的灭火剂扑救光伏火灾时会发生触电事故。为研究传统灭火剂在带电状态下扑救光伏发电系统直流侧高压的触电风险，提出了光伏火灾带电扑救试验平台和试验方法。通过试验发现：泡沫、水基灭火剂、二氧化碳等灭火剂在扑救直流侧300~1 500 V高压光伏火灾时，由于灭火剂的绝缘性而无法形成回路，从而不具备导电性；消火栓水枪和多功能水枪带电扑救过程中枪头带有直流电，枪头电压随流量和距离的变化而变化，由于多功能水枪水柱中心为空气，显著降低了水柱的电导率，因此，多功能水枪比消火栓水枪更适合扑救光伏发电系统带电火灾。通过拟合得到了多功能水枪带电扑救过程中水电导率的计算方法，计算确定了水枪一级和二级带电扑救的安全距离。带电扑救过程中的扑救距离要严格大于一级安全扑救距离，二级扑救距离范围内要采取相应的防护措施，以防止触电事故的发生。

关键词: 光伏发电系统, 直流侧, 带电扑救, 触电危险, 电导率

Abstract: Because the photovoltaic power generation system will continue to generate electricity in the presence of light, it can not cut off the power supply, and the use of traditional fire extinguishing agents will cause electric shock accidents. In order to analyze the electric shock risk of high voltage DC side of photovoltaic power generation system with live extinguishing agent, a test platform and test method are proposed. Through the test, it can be found that: foam, water-based fire extinguishing agent, carbon dioxide and other fire extinguishing agent in the DC side of 300~1 500 V high voltage, due to the insulation of the fire extinguishing agent, it cannot form a circuit and therefore lacks conductivity. Fire hydrant water gun and multi-functional water gun live rescue process gun head with DC voltage, the gun head voltage changes with the flow and distance, because the center of the water column of the multi-functional water gun is air, significantly reduce the conductivity of the water column, multi-functional water gun than fire hydrant water gun is more suitable for fighting the photovoltaic power generation system live fire. The calculation method of water conductivity of multi-functional water gun in the process of electricized rescue is obtained, and the safety distance of primary and secondary electricized rescue of water gun is calculated and determined. In the live rescue process, the rescue distance must be strictly greater than the first-level safety rescue distance, and corresponding protective measures must be taken to prevent electric shock within the second-level rescue distance.

Key words: photovoltaic power generation system, DC high-voltage, electric rescue, electric shock risk, conductivity