主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 756-761.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

电动汽车热失控危害性评测技术研究

张良1,2,3,4, 赵志伟5, 张得胜2,3,4, 黄盟2,3,4, 周思达1, 杨世春1, 刘国芳6   

  1. （1. 北京航空航天大学 交通科学与工程学院，北京 100191；2. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；3.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；4.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381；5. 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司，重庆 401122；6. 中国汽车工程学会，北京 102600）
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 修回日期:2024-02-20 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 作者简介:张 良（1987- ），男，山东济南人，应急管理部天津消防研究所火灾物证鉴定中心副研究员，博士研究生，主要从事电气火灾和车辆火灾研究，天津市西青区津涞公路富兴路2号，300382。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重大项目(CSTB2023TIAD-STX0024)；汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室基金课题(NVHSKL-202302)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023SJ05)；重庆市自然科学基金（CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0447）

Discussion on hazard assessment scheme for thermal runaway of electric vehicle

Zhang Liang1,2,3,4, Zhao Zhiwei5, Zhang Desheng2,3,4, Huang Meng2,3,4, Zhou Sida1, Yang Shichun1,Liu Guofang6   

  1. (1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. Tianjin Key Loboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 5. China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd., Chongqing 401122, China; 6. China Society of Automotive Engineers, Beijing 102600, China)
  • Received:2024-01-22 Revised:2024-02-20 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-15

摘要： 随着电动汽车保有量的增加，动力电池热失控导致的着火事故时有发生，对热失控危险性进行评测是提升电动汽车安全性能的重要手段之一，而行业内尚未形成量化评估方法。针对上述问题，搭建了电动汽车整车燃烧试验平台，并开展了大量由热失控引发电动汽车火灾的模拟试验，提取了以下可用于电动汽车热失控危害性评测的参考指标与部分潜在指标：试验开始至动力电池热失控的时间间隔可作为电池故障预警有效性的指标；热失控至车辆起火的时间间隔与车内温度可作为乘员逃生安全性的指标；烟气体积分数超标时刻及其与起火时刻的关系可作为驾驶室毒气危害性的指标；车内可燃气体体积分数和车外热辐射强度可作为评估爆炸危险性和相邻车辆引燃风险性的指标。通过提出上述评价指标，为后续形成量化评估方法及相关标准提供参考。

关键词: 电动汽车, 热失控, 危害性, 评测方案

Abstract: With the increase in the number of electric vehicles, fire accidents caused by thermal runaway of power batteries have occurred from time to time. Evaluating the risk of thermal runaway is one of the important means to improve the safety performance of electric vehicles, but there is no quantitative evaluation method in the industry. In response to the above issues, an electric vehicle combustion test platform has been established, and a large number of thermal runaway induced electric vehicle fire simulation tests have been conducted. The following reference indicators and some potential indicators that can be used for evaluating the harmfulness of electric vehicle thermal runaway have been extracted: the time interval from the start of the test to the thermal runaway of the power battery can be used as an effective indicator for battery failure warning; The time interval from thermal runaway to vehicle fire and the temperature inside the vehicle can be used as safety indicators for passenger evacuation; The time when the volume fraction of smoke exceeds the standard and its relationship with the time of ignition can be used as a hazard indicator for toxic gases in the cab; The volume fraction of combustible gases inside the vehicle and the intensity of thermal radiation outside the vehicle can be used as indicators to evaluate the risk of explosion and ignition of adjacent vehicles. By proposing the above evaluation indicators, reference can be provided for the subsequent formation of quantitative evaluation methods and related standards.

Key words: electric vehicle, thermal runaway, hazard, assessment scheme