主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 693-697.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

氢燃料电池汽车氢系统氢气泄漏的燃爆危险性研究

张磊1, 马秋菊2, 黄昊1, 张永丰1   

  1. （1. 应急管理部上海消防研究所，上海 201199；2. 中国矿业大学（北京），北京 100083）
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-23 修回日期:2024-04-02 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 作者简介:张 磊（1990- ），男，江苏张家港人，应急管理部上海消防研究所，助理研究员，主要从事新能源火灾防控与事故调查方面的工作，上海市闵行区西环路391号，201199，zhanglei2015@shfri.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2021YFB2501500）

Study on the risk of hydrogen leakage leading to explosion of FCV hydrogen storage system

Zhang Lei1, Ma Qiujv2, Huang Hao1, Zhang Yongfeng1   

  1. (1. Shanghai Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 201199, China;2. China University of Mining and Technology
  • Received:2024-01-23 Revised:2024-04-02 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-15

摘要： 搭建了FCV（氢燃料电池汽车）氢系统氢气泄漏着火试验台架，开展了高压氢气泄漏着火试验与FCV乘员舱内氢气泄漏燃爆数值模拟研究，采集了氢气喷射火形态、火焰长度、典型位置温度及热辐射通量等参数。试验结果表明，0.4 L/0.84 MPa高压氢气经直径6 mm圆孔水平泄漏的时间仅为80 ms，氢气着火后的火焰呈水平喷射状，火焰长度达1.4 m，燃烧时间为0.3 s，且距离泄漏口约1.0 m处的氢气燃烧强度最大，采集的最大热辐射通量为0.27 kW/m2；数值模拟结果显示，氢气在乘员舱内泄漏着火后，仅28 ms整个乘员舱就被引燃，乘员舱内的最高绝热温度达2 000 ℃，最大相对压力达0.5 MPa。车载氢系统氢气泄漏燃爆的危险性极大，严重威胁乘员生命安全，FCV应加强安全性能设计，避免此类事故发生。

关键词: 车载氢系统, 氢气泄漏, 燃爆危险性, 数值模拟

Abstract: The hydrogen leakage and ignition test bench of fuel cell vehicle（FCV） hydrogen storage system was built in this paper, and then high-pressure hydrogen leakage ignition experiments were carried out. The risk parameters of hydrogen jet flame morphology, flame length, and typical position temperature, thermal radiation flux were collected. In addition the numerical simulation of hydrogen leakage leading to explosion in the FCV passenger compartment was studied. As the result shows, The leakage time of 0.4 L/0.84 MPa high-pressure hydrogen gas through a circular hole with a diameter of 6 mm was only 80 ms. The hydrogen jet flame length was 1.4 m horizontally burning continuously only for 0.3 second. The highest hydrogen combustion intensity was at a distance of about 1.0 m from the leakage port, and the maximum thermal radiation flux collected was 0.27 kW/m2. The numerical simulation results show that after hydrogen leaking and catching fire in the passenger compartment, the entire cabin was ignited within only 28 ms. The highest temperature in the cabin exceeded to over 2 000 ℃ and the maximum pressure exceeded to over 0.5 MPa. The risk of hydrogen leakage of vehicle hydrogen storage system leading to combustion and explosion is extremely high which seriously endangering the safety of passengers. FCV safety design should be strengthened to avoid such accidents.

Key words: FCV hydrogen storage system, hydrogen leakage, combustion risk, numerical simulation