主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 656-662.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

LFP电池热失控液氮冷却惰化理论分析方法研究

王玥1,2,3, 张少禹1,2,3, 储玉喜1,2,3, 陈晔1,2,3   

  1. （1. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；2. 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；3. 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-10 修回日期:2024-03-19 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 作者简介:王 玥（1990- ），男，内蒙古包头人，应急管理部天津消防研究所助理研究员，主要从事光伏火灾防控关键技术研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381，wangyue@tfri.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFB2402003）；天津市自然科学基金项目（22JCQNJC01730）

Study on theoretical analysis method of thermal runaway liquid nitrogen cooling inerting of LPF batteries

Wang Yue1,2,3, Zhang Shaoyu1,2,3, Chu Yuxi1,2,3, Chen Ye1,2,3   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin, 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Received:2024-01-10 Revised:2024-03-19 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-15

摘要： 传统的商用灭火剂扑救锂离子电池热失控火灾和抑制复燃的效果不佳，液氮作为一种高效的灭火剂，其冷却抑制锂离子电池热失控的效果得到了很多研究机构试验验证，但目前针对液氮灭火用量和灭火效能尚缺乏理论分析方法。笔者通过对液氮灭火机理的理论分析，研究确定了液氮冷却和惰化理论分析计算方法。方法中通过试验和理论分析确定热失控放热热量、液氮吸热热量、液氮惰化用量等，并通过实尺试验验证方法的有效性。以280 Ah磷酸铁锂电池热失控为例，依据理论分析方法，计算得到了惰化抑爆和冷却的最低液氮用量，在有效容积为38.88 m3的爆炸试验箱体内，施加了83.39 kg液氮后，24 h间隔点火48次，均未出现燃爆现象。通过实际案例验证理论分析方法的有效性和合理性，提出的理论分析方法为液氮灭火抑爆的设计和有效性分析提供评价手段和方法，进一步增强磷酸铁锂电池舱式储能系统的安全性。

关键词: 液氮, 热失控, 冷却, 惰化抑爆, 磷酸铁锂电池

Abstract: The traditional commercial fire extinguishing agent is not effective in suppressing the thermal runaway fire and reignition of lithium ion battery. Liquid nitrogen is an efficient fire extinguishing agent, and its cooling effect on restraining thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has been verified by experiments of many research institutions. However, at present, there is a lack of theoretical analysis methods for the influence of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing dosage and fire extinguishing efficiency. Based on the theoretical analysis of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing mechanism, the theoretical analysis and calculation method of liquid nitrogen cooling and inerting are studied and determined. In the method, experimental studies on thermal runaway heat release, heat absorption of liquid nitrogen, and inert amount of liquid nitrogen were carried out, and the effectiveness of the method was verified by full-scale experiments. Taking the thermal runaway of 280 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the minimum amount of liquid nitrogen for inerting explosion suppression and cooling is calculated according to the theoretical analysis method. After 83.39 kg of liquid nitrogen was applied to the explosion test chamber with an effective volume of 38.88 m3, the explosion occurred 48 times at a 24-hour interval. The effectiveness and rationality of the theoretical analysis method are effectively verified by practical cases, and the proposed theoretical analysis method provides evaluation means and methods for the design and effectiveness analysis of liquid nitrogen fire suppression and explosion suppression, so as to further effectively enhance the safety of lithium iron phosphate battery storage system.

Key words: liquid nitrogen, thermal runaway, cooling, inerting, lithium iron phosphate battery