主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 626-633.

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基于气凝胶与相变材料夹层结构的电池热失控-热管理综合布置决策

丁永鑫1,2, 马非1,2, 赵军1,2, 戴传山1,2   

  1. （1. 天津大学 机械工程学院，天津 300350；2. 中低温热能高效利用教育部重点实验室，天津 300350）
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-31 修回日期:2024-03-23 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 作者简介:丁永鑫（1999— ），男，江苏徐州人，天津大学机械工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事电池热管理方面的研究，天津市津南区海河教育园雅观路135号，300350。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（52206271）

Battery thermal runaway-thermal management integrated layout decision based on aerogel and phase change material sandwich structure

Ding Yongxin1,2, Ma Fei1,2, Zhao Jun1,2, Dai Chuanshan1,2   

  1. (1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;2. Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Medium and Low Temperature Thermal Energy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, China)
  • Received:2024-01-31 Revised:2024-03-23 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-15

摘要： 为提高电池模组热失控抑制与热管理散热综合效果，本文设计了一种电池间添加相变材料（PCM）-气凝胶夹层结构的热管理系统并优化夹层的布置结构。结果表明，针对抑制热失控传播，纯气凝胶的布置效果最佳，相较于自然空冷，可使模组中最后一个电池触发热失控的时间延长，但电池热管理散热效果显著恶化；针对强化热管理散热，纯相变材料的布置效果最佳，相较于自然空冷，可使电池一个放电循环下的最高温度降低20 ℃以上，但其抑制热失控传播的效果明显弱于纯气凝胶；针对热失控-热管理综合效益，PCM-气凝胶-PCM布置形式具有更广泛的适用性，在保证电池热失控抑制效果的同时强化了电池正常工作时的散热，可实现整体效益的最大化。

关键词: 电池热失控, 电池热管理, 相变材料, 气凝胶

Abstract: In order to improve the comprehensive effect of thermal runaway suppression and thermal management heat dissipation of battery modules, this study designed a thermal management system with phase change material aerogel sandwich structure between batteries and set up different thickness layout forms. The comprehensive benefits of each layout were obtained and compared by classifying the data and performing Min-Max normalization and giving different weights to accumulate. The results show that the pure aerogel is the best for restraining the uncontrolled heat transmission. Compared with air cooling, it can extend the time of the last battery in the module to generate heat out of control, but the heat dissipation effect of battery thermal management is significantly worse; For strengthening heat management and heat dissipation, pure phase change material arrangement has the best effect. Compared with air cooling, it can reduce the maximum temperature of battery in a discharge cycle by more than 20 ℃, but its suppression of heat runaway propagation is significantly weaker than pure aerogel arrangement; For the comprehensive benefits of thermal runaway and thermal management, the PCM-aerogel-PCM layout is more widely applicable than other layout forms. It ensures the effect of restraining thermal runaway of the battery while strengthening the heat dissipation of the battery during normal operation to maximize the overall benefits.

Key words: battery thermal runaway； battery thermal management, phase change materials, aerogel