主管:中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办:应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 597-604.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

针刺诱发电池热失控的研究进展综述

张磊1, 刘彦辉1,2, 叶从亮1, 周钰鑫1, 黄鑫炎1,2   

  1. (1. 香港理工大学 建筑环境及能源工程系,中国香港 999077;2. 香港理工大学深圳研究院,广东 深圳 518057)
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-06 修回日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 作者简介:张 磊,男,香港理工大学建筑环境及能源工程系博士研究生,主要从事电池安全科学与技术方面的研究,中国香港红磡漆咸道南181号香港理工大学Z座,999077。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0207400)

Review of research progress on the battery thermal runaway induced by nail penetration

Zhang Lei1, Liu Yanhui1,2, Ye Congliang1,Zhou Yuxin1, Huang Xinyan1,2   

  1. (1. Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; 2. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Shenzhen 518057, China)
  • Received:2024-03-06 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-15

摘要: 针刺测试是研究锂离子电池热失效机理和热失控特性的重要方法之一。本文汇总了目前广泛采用的针刺测试设置,并研究了不同变量对热失控演化的影响,包括针刺的深度、速度、位置以及针的材料和直径等,对针刺破坏下锂离子电池内短路及热失控行为进行机理性探索与分析。结果发现,针刺的深度与电池热失控行为的严重程度成正比,针刺的速度对电池热失控没有明显影响,针刺发生在活性材料较密集或电极附近时电池热失控更严重。针的材料和直径对电池热失控行为具有双重影响,需要结合实际情况对产热和散热情况分别进行分析。最后通过总结不同因素对电池热失控的影响,对减缓锂离子电池热失控以及更新其安全测试程序提出了新的见解,为后续的创新型研究工作提供思路。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 针刺测试, 热失控, 内短路, 电池安全

Abstract: Nail penetration test is one of the most important methods to investigate the failure mechanisms and thermal runaway features of lithium-ion batteries. This paper summarizes the nail penetration testing methods commonly used by researchers and studies the influence of different variables, including penetration depth, velocity, location, needle material and diameter, on the short-circuiting and thermal runaway behaviour in batteries under nail penetration-induced damage. The results reveal a direct proportionality between the depth of nail penetration and the severity of thermal runaway behaviour in batteries. The speed of nail penetration has no significant impact on thermal runaway. When nail penetration occurs in regions with dense active materials or near the electrode, the thermal runaway in batteries becomes severer. As for the variables related to the nail itself, such as material and diameter, they exhibit a dual effect on thermal runaway behaviour in batteries, requiring separate analysis of heat generation and dissipation considering the actual conditions. Finally, by summarizing the influence of various factors on thermal runaway in batteries, new insights are proposed to mitigate lithium-ion battery thermal runaway and update safety testing procedures, which can provide guidance for subsequent innovative research work.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, nail penetration test, thermal runaway, internal short circuit, battery safety