主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 405-411.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

双氢氧化物/官能化碳纳米管复合协效阻燃剂设计及应用

代励1, 刘恒均2, 郭艺琳1, 杨琪3   

  1. （1. 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院，天津 300300；2. 中国民航大学 理学院，天津 300300；3. 中国民航大学 民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室，天津 300300）
  • 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-15
  • 作者简介:代 励（2002- ），男，山东威海人，中国民航大学安全工程专业在读本科生，天津市东丽区津北公路2898号中国民航大学北校区，300300。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：中国民航大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202210059020）

Layered double hydroxide/functionalized carbon nanotube in situ composite structure based synergistic flame retardant for epoxy resin

Dai Li1, Liu Hengjun2, Guo Yilin1, Yang Qi3   

  1. (1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China; 2. School of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Disaster Prevention, Control and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China)
  • Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-03-15

摘要： 环氧树脂（EPs）广泛应用于飞机结构部件中，为其开发高性能阻燃剂对提高飞机防火安全性具有重要现实意义。本研究通过一锅法在交织的官能化碳纳米管（F-CNTs）骨架上生长镁铝双金属氢氧化物（MgAl-LDH）纳米片，构建得到二者的复合结构MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs。以MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs复合结构作为力学支撑，进一步负载CuMoO4纳米颗粒，最终得到适用于环氧树脂的MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs-CuMoO4协效阻燃剂。其中，MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs复合结构可助于实现各阻燃组分在环氧树脂聚合物基材中的均匀分散，相较于未经阻燃处理的环氧树脂材料，阻燃环氧树脂在燃烧测试中其峰值热释放速率可降低40.5%，总热释放量可降低7.49%，CO生成量和总烟气释放量可显著降低43.0%和26.3%，极限氧指数LOI提升38.2%，可见经阻燃处理后的EP复合材料阻燃性能显著提升。此外，经阻燃处理后环氧树脂拉伸、弯曲强度仅下降7.1%和22.4%，表明CNTs的添加以及MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs复合结构的构建能够有效补偿LDH添加对EP力学性能的影响。

关键词: 双金属氢氧化物, 碳纳米管, 复合结构, 阻燃剂, 环氧树脂

Abstract: Epoxy resin （EP） is widely used as structural material on aircrafts. Exploring and designing high-performance flame retardants for EP is critical to the fire safety of civil aviation. In this study, nanosheets of MgAl layered double hydroxide （MgAl-LDH） were grown on the skeleton of interlaced functionalized CNTs （F-CNTs） to construct an in-situ composite structure of MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs. Then the MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs composite structure was used as a mechanical support to further accommodate CuMoO4 nanoparticles to obtain the synergistic flame retardant of MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs-CuMoO4. The built MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs in-situ composite structure can realize the uniform distribution of the flame retarding components （LDH nanosheets, functionalized carbon nanotubes and CuMoO4 nanoparticles） in the polymer substrate. Compared with pure epoxy resin without flame retarding treatment, the peak heat release rate of EP@MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs-CuMoO4 in the combustion test can be reduced by 40.5%, the total heat release can be lowered by 7.49%, the CO production and total smoke release can be respectively decreased by 43.0% and 26.3%, and the limiting oxygen index can be increased by 38.2%. It can be seen that the flame retarding performance of EP composite with flame retardant treatment is significantly improved. In addition, the tensile and bending strengths are decreased by only 7.1% and 22.4%, indicating that the addition of F-CNTs and the construction of MgAl-LDH/F-CNTs composite structure can effectively compensate for the deteriorating effect of inorganic flame retardants on the mechanical strength of EP.

Key words: layered double hydroxide, carbon nanotube, in-situ composite structure, flame retardant, epoxy resin