主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 314-319.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于实体火试验的新能源轿车库防火设计问题探讨

尹亮1,5,6, 张良1,5,6, 刘激扬2, 王宗存1,5,6, 鲁志宝1,5,6, 叶继红4, 魏瑞超3, 陈伟4   

  1. （1. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；2. 国家消防救援局，北京 100054；3. 深圳市职业技术大学，广东 深圳 518038；4. 中国矿业大学，江苏 徐州 221116；5. 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；6. 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）
  • 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-15
  • 作者简介:尹 亮（1987- ），男，应急管理部天津消防研究所副研究员，硕士，主要从事建筑防火研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：应急管理部消防救援局应用创新项目（2022XFCX24，2023XFCX18）；应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2021SJ07）

Discussion on fire protection design of new energy car storage based on real fire test

Yin Liang1,5,6, Zhang Liang1,5,6, Liu Jiyang2, Wang Zongcun1,5,6, Lu Zhibao1,5,6, Ye Jihong4, Wei Ruichao3, Chen Wei4   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China;2. National Fire and Rescue Administration, Beijing 100054, China;3. Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Guangdong Shenzhen 518115, China;4. China University of Mining & Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116, China;5. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 6. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-03-15

摘要： 新能源汽车产业发展迅猛，对完善汽车库防火设计提出新需求。对典型的建筑内新能源轿车火灾进行案例剖析，开展首例单库存新能源轿车实体火试验并探讨车库防火设计对策要点。研究结果表明：电池包热失控挥发灰色可燃气体但持续时间不等且库内受限空间易发生爆燃；库内空间壁面热反馈可能加速车体燃烧；试验轿车猛烈燃烧阶段持续时间占总燃烧时间约20%。建议新能源汽车库防火设计注重早期热失控征兆探测和后期燃烧范围控制及被动安全技术措施，库内设置带有拾音功能的摄录装置及耐火极限不低于2.00 h的分隔构件。

关键词: 新能源汽车, 汽车库, 实体火试验, 锂离子电池, 防火设计

Abstract: The rapid development of new energy automobile industry puts forward new demand for fire protection design of automobile garage. In this article, cases of typical new energy car fires in buildings are analyzed, the first real fire test of new energy cars in storage is carried out, and measures for fire protection design of garages are discussed. The findings show that: the thermal runaway of the battery pack volatilizes gray combustible gases but the duration varies and explosive combustion is easy to occur in the garage. The thermal feedback from the inner wall of the garage is likely to accelerate the combustion of the car body, and the dura-tion of the strong combustion stage lasts for about 20% of the total combustion time. It is suggested that the fire prevention design of new energy automobile garage should focus on the detection of earlier signs of thermal runaway and the control of later combustion extent as well as the adoption of passive safety technology measures, and the garage should be installed with the recording device with sound pickup function and the separating elements with the fire-resistance rate not less than 2.00 h.

Key words: new energy vehicles, automobile garage, real fire experiment, lithium-ion battery, fire protection design