10 kV线路下方森林火灾成因分析及试验研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 271-277.

10 kV线路下方森林火灾成因分析及试验研究

杨博闻1,2, 陈天翔1, 魏玉文1, 曾潮旭1

（1. 成都理工大学核技术与自动化工程学院，四川成都 610059；2. 国网四川省电力公司简阳分公司，四川成都 641400）

出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-15
作者简介:杨博闻（1997- ），男，国网简阳供电公司，硕士，主要从事高电压试验技术方面的研究工作，四川省简阳市顺城街，641400。
基金资助:
国家自然科学区域联合创新基金重点支持项目（U19A2080）

Analysis and experimental study on the causes of forest fires under 10 kV lines

Yang Bowen1,2, Chen Tianxiang1, Wei Yuwen1, Zeng Chaoxu1

(1. College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan Chengdu 610059, China; 2. State Grid Corporation of Sichuan Province, Jianyang Branch, Sichuan Chengdu 641400, China)

Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，国内外因树线故障导致森林火灾的事故频发，因外在社会因素引发森林火灾，从而导致输配电线路跳闸的事故也层出不穷。本文针对10 kV配电线路下方森林火灾事故，从社会因素引发森林火灾和树线故障引发森林火灾两个角度出发，考虑了纯火焰、树线放电及放电后引发火灾等多种极端环境对导线表面痕迹的影响，通过配电网故障模拟真型试验平台，对极端环境下导线表面形貌变化进行试验研究，得到了火烧痕迹、树线放电一次痕迹以及二次痕迹。基于宏观法、显微法和图像特征提取法分析了各类痕迹的特征，并找到了鉴别树线放电一次痕迹的方法。研究结果表明：放电痕迹一方面是树线电弧直接侵蚀导线，另一方面是电弧间接转移炭渣至导线表面形成炭黑痕迹；树线故障初期未引发森林火灾时，导线表面仅有一次放电痕迹，相同条件下，松树放电使导线质量变化最明显，可增重0.59 g；树线故障末期引发森林火灾后，火烧痕迹会覆盖放电痕迹形成二次痕迹，擦拭表面痕迹后发现，一、二次痕迹灰度曲面相似且分形维数之差小于0.03。

关键词: 电气森林火灾, 树线故障, 火烧痕迹, 放电痕迹, 分形维数

Abstract: In recent years, forest fires caused by tree-line failures have occurred frequently both domestically and internationally. Forest fires have been triggered by external social factors, leading to frequent incidents of power transmission and distribution line tripping. This article focuses on the forest fire accident below a 10 kV distribution line. From the perspectives of social factors causing forest fires and tree-line failures causing forest fires, the impact of various extreme environments such as pure flames, tree line discharge, and post discharge fires on the surface traces of conductors is considered. Through a distribution network fault simulation true type test platform, the surface morphology changes of conductors under extreme environments are experimentally studied, and the fire traces, first and second traces of tree wire discharge are obtained. Based on macroscopic, microscopic, and image feature extraction methods, the characteristics of various types of traces were analyzed, and a method for identifying single discharge traces of tree lines was found. The research results indicate that the discharge marks are on the one hand, the tree line arc directly erodes the wire, and on the other hand, the arc indirectly transfers carbon slag to the surface of the wire to form carbon black marks. When the tree-line failure did not cause a forest fire in the early stage, there was only first discharge trace on the surface of the wire. Under the same conditions, the discharge from the pine tree caused the most significant change in the weight of the wire, which could increase by 0.59 g. After the forest fire caused by the last stage tree-line failures, the burn marks will cover the discharge marks and form secondary traces. After wiping the surface traces, it was found that the grayscale surfaces of the first and second traces are similar, and the difference in fractal dimensions is less than 0.03.

Key words: electrical forest fires, tree-line failures, fire traces, discharge traces, fractal dimension

杨博闻, 陈天翔, 魏玉文, 曾潮旭. 10 kV线路下方森林火灾成因分析及试验研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2024, 43(2): 271-277.

Yang Bowen, Chen Tianxiang, Wei Yuwen, Zeng Chaoxu. Analysis and experimental study on the causes of forest fires under 10 kV lines[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2024, 43(2): 271-277.