主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 265-270.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

滇东地区海寨林场针叶林地表可燃物潜在火行为研究

马诚1,2, 王劲1,2, 韩正宝3, 王秋华1,2   

  1. （1. 西南林业大学 土木工程学院,云南 昆明 650224；2. 云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室，云南 昆明 650224；3. 曲靖市国有海寨林场，云南 曲靖655000）
  • 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-15
  • 作者简介:马 诚（1999- ），女，新疆裕民人，西南林业大学土木工程学院硕士生，主要从事森林防火研究，云南省昆明市盘龙区白龙寺300号，650224。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（32160376，31960318）；云南省教育厅研究生科学研究项目（2023Y0778）

Study on the potential fire behavior of surface fuels in coniferous forests in Haizhai forestry, east Yunnan region

Ma Cheng1,2, Wang Jin1,2, Han Zhengbao3, Wang Qiuhua1,2   

  1. (1. College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Kunming 650224, China; 2. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control, Yunnan Kunming 650224, China; 3. Haizhai Forest Farm, Yunnan Qujing 655000, China)
  • Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-15

摘要： 在海寨林场针叶林内设置样地，开展外业调查，采集地表凋落物并进行室内燃烧模拟和实验室理化性质分析，采用SPSS 26.0 软件分析数据，探究海寨林场针叶林地表可燃物的特征及潜在火行为。杉木的绝对含水率为（9.40±0.65）%，热值最低为（19 878.9±48.63） kJ/kg，并且杉木的火强度和蔓延速度最小，分别为（259.64±19.73） kW/m和（0.33±0.14） m/min，所以杉木的燃烧性最差；云南松纯林可燃物载量为(0.27±0.12) kg/m2，热值为(21 390.88±73.39) kJ/kg，火强度较低，为（307.26±15.83） kW/m，实际烧损率仅为（55.32±15.02）%，云南松的热值最大，容易引燃，但载量太低，无法维持正常燃烧；华山松纯林的热值低于云南松，且火强度和烧损率低于云南松?华山松混交林；云南松?华山松混交林的蔓延速度和火强度为（0.82±0.31） m/min和（564.14±13.53） kW/m，远高于其他3种，潜在火灾风险等级最高。由上述潜在火行为可知，海寨林场4种针叶林引发火灾的风险等级由高到低依次为云南松?华山松混交林、华山松纯林、云南松纯林和杉木。

关键词: 地表可燃物, 火强度, 火行为, 针叶林, 海寨林场

Abstract: Sample plots were set up within the coniferous forests of Haizhai forestry, field surveys were conducted, surface litter was collected, and indoor combustion simulations and laboratory physical and chemical property analyses were performed, and SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the data to explore the characteristics of surface combustibles and potential fire behavior of the coniferous forests in Haizhai Forestry. Lanceolata had the worst combustibility as it had an absolute moisture content of (9.4±0.65)% and the lowest calorific value (19 878.9±48.63) kJ/kg, and also had the smallest fire intensity and rate of spread of (259.64±19.73) kW/m and (0.33±0.14) m/min, respectively. Pure forest of Pinus yunnanensis has a load of (0.27±0.12) kg/m2, a calorific value of (21 390.88±73.39) kJ/kg, a low fire intensity (307.26±15.83) kW/m, and an actual burn rate of only (55.32±15.02)%. Pure forest of Pinus yunnanensis has the highest calorific value and ignites easily, but the load is too low to sustain a normal burn. The calorific value of pure forest of Pinus huasanensis was lower than that of Pinus yunnanensis, and the fire intensity and burn rate were lower than those of mixed forest of Pinus yunnanensis-Pinus huasanensis. The spread rate and fire intensity of mixed forest of Pinus yunnanensis-Pinus huasanensis were (0.82±0.31) m/min and (564.14±13.53) kW/m, which were much higher than the other three species, and had the highest potential fire risk class. From the above potential fire behaviors, the risk level (from high to low) of the four types of coniferous forests in Haizhai Forestry to start a fire is mixed forest of Pinus yunnanensis-Pinus huasanensis, pure forest of Pinus huasanensis, pure forest of Pinus yunnanensis and lanceolata.

Key words: surface fuel, fire intensity, fire behavior, coniferous forest, Haizhai forestry