主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 249-254.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

次磷酸铝阻燃聚脲弹性体及其耐老化性能研究

贺云飞1, 岳长山2, 王宝柱2, 赵斌1   

  1. （1. 青岛大学 功能纺织品与先进材料研究院 新型防火阻燃材料开发与应用国家地方联合工程研究中心（山东），山东 青岛 266071；2. 青岛市聚脲弹性体重点实验室，山东 青岛 266100）
  • 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-15
  • 作者简介:贺云飞（1997- ），男，河南信阳人，青岛大学功能纺织品与先进材料研究院，新型防火阻燃材料开发与应用国家地方联合工程研究中心（山东）硕士研究生，主要从事阻燃聚脲弹性体研究，山东省青岛市崂山区香港东路7号青岛大学东院，266071。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFB3700202）

Polyurea elastomer with aluminum hypophosphite: flame retardancy and aging resistance

He Yunfei1, Yue Changshan2,Wang Baozhu2,Zhao Bin1   

  1. (1. Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Qingdao Key Laboratory of Polyurea Elastomers, Shandong Qingdao 266100, China)
  • Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-15

摘要： 为提高聚脲弹性体（PUA）的阻燃性能，采用次磷酸铝（AHP）制备阻燃PUA，并通过热重分析、极限氧指数、垂直燃烧测试、锥形量热测试、扫描电镜、热重-红外联用测试、拉伸、撕裂等一系列测试对阻燃聚脲热性能、阻燃性能、力学性能及阻燃机理进行了系统研究。结果表明，AHP对PUA具有较高的阻燃效率，在20%添加量下，PUA在垂直燃烧测试中表现出离火自熄性，熔滴现象消失，通过UL-94 V-0等级。同时，其热释放速率峰值、总热释放、总烟释放等火安全行为参数大幅下降。残炭微观形貌及气相热解产物分析表明，阻燃PUA燃烧后表面形成了更为致密紧凑的炭层，有效抑制了热解PUA基材中烃类、CO2、CO等物质的生成。力学性能测试结果表明，AHP的加入造成的PUA拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度的损失在可接受范围以内，阻燃PUA在168 h热氧老化处理后仍具有较高的力学性能。

关键词: 聚脲, 次磷酸铝, 阻燃, 消防安全, 热氧老化

Abstract: In order to improve the flame retardancy of polyurea elastomer (PUA), aluminum hypophosphate (AHP) was used to prepare flame retardant PUA. The thermal performance, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy mechanism of flame retardant polyurea were systematically studied through a series of tests such as thermogravimetric analysis, ultimate oxygen index, vertical combustion, cone calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy, stretching, and tearing. The results indicate that AHP has a high flame retardant efficiency on PUA. At a 20% addition, PUA exhibits self extinguishing properties in vertical combustion tests, and the droplet phenomenon disappears, passing the UL-94 V-0 rating. At the same time, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke release and other fire safety behavior parameters have significantly decreased. The microstructure and gas phase pyrolysis product analysis of residual carbon indicate that a denser and compact carbon layer is formed on the surface of flame-retardant PUA after combustion, effectively suppressing the generation of hydrocarbons, CO2, CO and other substances in the pyrolysis PUA substrate. The mechanical performance test results show that the addition of AHP has an acceptable loss in tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of PUA. Flame retardant PUA still shows high mechanical properties after 168 hours of thermal oxygen aging treatment.

Key words: polyurea, aluminum hypophosphite, flame retardant, fire safety； thermal oxygen aging