主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 197-202.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

开放性公共场所人员疏散行为倾向分析

胡成1, 刘绍华2, 毛天露3   

  1. （1. 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所 应急管理研究中心，北京100054；2. 北京邮电大学电子工程学院，北京 100875；3. 中国科学院计算技术研究所 前瞻研究实验室，北京 100190）
  • 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-15
  • 作者简介:胡 成（1977- ），男，江苏东海人，北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所应急管理研究中心副研究员，博士，主要研究领域为人员密集场所、大型活动风险评估和应急管理、旅游安全研究，北京市西城区陶然亭路55号，100054。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41977408）；“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0804906）

Analysis of evacuation behavior tendency of people in open public places

Hu Cheng1, Liu Shaohua2, Mao Tianlu3   

  1. (1. Emergency Management Research Center, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China;2. School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100875, China; 3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190,China)
  • Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-15

摘要： 开放性公共场所人群聚集风险突出，常规的疏散措施不能有效缓解场所内外的人群聚集风险态势，需要掌握突发情况人员疏散行为特征。选择深圳东门步行街为研究区，开展人员疏散行为问卷调查，根据人群聚集状态拟定人员疏导服从性、聚集拥堵应对和应急疏散响应3类疏散行为倾向场景，并采用SPSS 25.0卡方检验分析性别、年龄段、群组等基本特征与人员疏散行为倾向之间的相关性。研究结果表明：步行街存在老幼群体、携带包裹、环境熟悉度低等影响疏散效率的因素；小部分人在面对疏导、遭遇聚集拥堵情形后可能采取继续停留拍照、长时间等候、围观等聚集行为，以及在被疏散至安全地带后围观甚至返回，这些行为可能导致场所内部聚集得不到有效缓解，并在外围形成新的人群聚集风险点；“男性、大群组、短期游客”三类群体的疏散行为表现不佳，聚集围观、停留以及返回的比例更高，尤其是同行人数4人及以上的大群组更可能采取往前挤这种危害行为。

关键词: 开放性公共场所, 突发事件, 人员疏散, 人群聚集风险, 疏散行为

Abstract: The risk of crowd gathering in open public places is prominent, and conventional evacuation measures cannot effectively alleviate the risk situation of crowd gathering inside and outside the place. It is of great significance to master the characteristics of evacuation behavior of people in emergencies. Shenzhen Dongmen Pedestrian Street was selected as the research area to carry out a questionnaire survey on evacuation behavior, and three evacuation behavior tendency scenarios were developed according to the crowd gathering state, namely, obedience of personnel, gathering congestion response and emergency evacuation response. SPSS 25.0 Chi?square test was used to analyze the correlation between basic characteristics such as gender, age，group and evacuation behavior tendency. The results show that: （1） there are old and young groups, carrying packages and low environmental familiarity in pedestrian street, which affect evacuation efficiency. （2） a small number of people may continue to stay and take photos, wait for a long time, watch after encountering gathering congestion, or watch or even return after being evacuated to a safe area, which may lead to the internal gathering of the site can not be effectively alleviated, and form a new risk point of crowd gathering in the periphery. （3） the three groups of "male, large group and short?term tourists" have poor evacuation behavior, and the proportion of gathering, staying and returning is higher, especially the large group with 4 or more people are more likely to take the harmful behavior of crowding forward.

Key words: open public places, emergency, evacuation, crowd risk, evacuation behavior