主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 134-139.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

剩磁检测法在汽车火灾原因调查中的不适用性分析

张良1，2，3, 赵祥1，2，3, 张得胜1，2，3, 黄盟1，2，3, 张相志4   

  1. （1. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；2. 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381；3. 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381；4. 吴忠市消防救援支队，宁夏 吴忠 751100）
  • 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2024-01-15
  • 作者简介:张 良（1987- ），男，应急管理部天津消防研究所火灾物证鉴定中心，副研究员，硕士，主要从事电气火灾和车辆火灾研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2023SJ05）；汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室基金课题（NVHSKL-202302）

Analysis of inapplicability of residual magnetism method in investigation of vehicle fire cause

Zhang Liang1,2,3, Zhao Xiang1,2,3, Zhang Desheng1,2,3 Huang Meng1,2,3, Zhang Xiangzhi4   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China;2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. Wuzhong Fire and Rescue Division, Ningxia Wuzhong 751100, China)
  • Online:2024-01-15 Published:2024-01-15

摘要： 剩磁检测法在汽车火灾原因调查实践中常造成法律纠纷。为探究剩磁检测法能否适用于汽车火灾，根据车辆火灾中金属构件的应用工况开展四项模拟试验，研究剩磁变化规律。结果表明：汽车机舱内电气短路能量难以引起车身剩磁量明显变化；车辆机舱和车身部分位置自身存在较高剩磁值，对剩磁检测存在干扰；火灾过程中的高温作用与火后拖拽维修操作会导致磁性消退，影响车辆剩磁值的测量。最终证实，剩磁检测法不适用于汽车火灾原因的调查与认定工作。

关键词: 剩磁检测法, 汽车火灾, 火灾调查, 电气故障

Abstract: Residual magnetism method often encounters legal disputes in the practice of investigating the causes of vehicle fire. In order to explore whether the residual magnetism method is applicable to vehicle fire, four simulation experiments were designed and conducted based on the characteristics of vehicle electrical fire. The results indicate that the electrical short-circuit energy inside the engine compartment is insufficient to cause changes in the residual magnetic field of the vehicle body. Certain locations in the engine compartment and vehicle body exhibit inherently higher residual magnetic values, causing interference in the residual magnetism method. Additionally, the effect of high temperatures during a fire and post-fire towing and maintenance operations can cause the magnetic properties to fade, affecting the measurement of the vehicle's remanent magnetization value. Ultimately, it is confirmed that the residual magnetism method is not suitable for the investigation and determination of the causes of vehicle fire.

Key words: residual magnetism method, vehicle fire, fire investigation, electrical fault