主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 65-69.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

城市浅埋隧道自然排烟竖井临界间距研究

王洁1,2,3, 王璐1,2,3, 姜学鹏1,2,3   

  1. （1. 武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院，湖北 武汉 430081；2. 武汉科技大学 安全与应急研究院，湖北 武汉 430081；3. 武汉科技大学 消防安全研究中心，湖北 武汉 430081）
  • 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2024-01-15
  • 作者简介:王 洁（1987— ），女，江苏徐州人，武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院副教授，博士，主要从事隧道及地下空间火灾动力学研究，湖北省武汉市青山区武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院，430081。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51874213）；湖北省重点研发计划项目（2020BCB072）

Research on the critical spacing of natural smoke exhaust shafts in urban shallow buried tunnels

Wang Jie1,2,3, Wang Lu1,2,3, Jiang Xuepeng1,2,3   

  1. (1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei Wuhan 430081, China; 2. Research Center of Fire Safety, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei Wuhan 430081, China; 3. Institute of Safety and Emergency, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei Wuhan 430081, China)
  • Online:2024-01-15 Published:2024-01-15

摘要： 竖井间距会改变竖井内外压差，当竖井内外压差为0时，隧道火灾烟气将无法排出，此时竖井对应位置为竖井临界间距。由竖井内外口压差理论分析，给出竖井临界间距理论模型，再采用FDS模拟进行仿真验证。结果表明：设置竖井可明显降低隧道温度，竖井间距为临界间距时，温度下降幅度接近150 ℃，人员疏散路径温度低于60 ℃，竖井排烟效率在55%~80%，可有效进行竖井排烟；当竖井间距大于竖井临界间距时，隧道内烟气压强小于竖井出口处风压，竖井排烟效率低于50%。

关键词: 城市浅埋隧道, 竖井排烟, 竖井临界间距模型, 自然排烟

Abstract: The spacing between vertical shafts can change the pressure difference inside and outside the shaft. When the pressure difference inside and outside the shaft is zero, tunnel fire smoke cannot be discharged, and the corresponding position of the shaft is the critical spacing between vertical shafts. Based on the theoretical analysis of the pressure difference between the inner and outer openings of the vertical shaft, a theoretical model of the critical spacing of the vertical shaft is provided, and then FDS simulation is used for simulation verification. The results show that setting vertical shafts can significantly reduce tunnel temperature. When the distance between vertical shafts is a critical distance, the temperature drop is close to 150 ℃, and the temperature of personnel evacuation paths is below 60 ℃. The smoke exhaust efficiency of vertical shafts is between 55% and 80%, which can effectively carry out smoke exhaust in vertical shafts; When the distance between vertical shafts exceeds the critical distance, the smoke pressure inside the tunnel is less than the wind pressure at the outlet of the shaft, and the smoke exhaust efficiency of the shaft is less than 50%.

Key words: urban shallow buried tunnels, vertical shaft smoke exhaust, critical spacing model for vertical shafts, natural smoke exhaust