主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1683-1687.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

老旧建筑敞开式凸阳台火灾蔓延风险与防灭火设计

张一和   

  1. （深圳高速公路集团股份有限公司，广东 深圳 518038）
  • 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-12-15
  • 作者简介:张一和（1983— ），男，深圳高速公路集团股份有限公司安全监督部总经理，主要从事锂电池梯次利用过程中的安全风险辨识和对策研究，广东省深圳市南山区汉京大厦44楼，518038。

Fire spread risk and fire prevention and extinguishing design of open convex balconies in old buildings

Zhang Yihe   

  1. (Shenzhen Expressway Group Co., Ltd., Guangdong Shenzhen 518038, China)
  • Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-12-15

摘要： 老旧建筑的敞开式凸阳台火灾风险高，且易引起火灾竖向蔓延。为提高其消防安全性，调研分析了阳台的火灾荷载，采用PyroSim软件对敞开式凸阳台发生火灾的场景进行模拟，获取并分析了阳台火溢流特征，以及室内、室外和上层阳台的温度分布情况。结果表明：阳台溢流火焰能够超出上层阳台围栏1.2 m，使上层阳台楼板处温度达到800 ℃左右。提出利用住宅供水管道构建简易水喷淋灭火装置和合理设置防火挑檐的防灭火设计方案，并通过模拟仿真得到喷头能够在启动后11 s扑灭火灾，出挑宽度为1 m的防火挑檐能够保证上层阳台内的温度不高于60 ℃。

关键词: 敞开式凸阳台, 温度分布, 简易水喷淋灭火, 防火挑檐, 数值模拟

Abstract: Open convex balconies in old buildings have high fire risk and are prone to vertical fire spread. In order to improve its fire safety, the fire load of the balcony was investigated and analyzed, and the fire scenario of the open convex balcony was simulated using PyroSim software, then analyzed the characteristics of the balcony fire overflow and the temperature distribution of the fire scene in the indoor, outdoor and upper balcony. The results show that the balcony overflow flame is able to exceed the upper balcony fence by 1.2 m, causing the temperature at the upper balcony floor to reach about 800 ℃. It is proposed to use the residential water supply pipe to build a simple sprinkler fire extinguishing device and set up a reasonable fire canopy of the fireproof design scheme. Through simulation ,the results showed that the sprinkler can be activated in about 11 s to extinguish the fire,fire canopy with a protruding width of 1 m can ensure the upper balcony temperature below 60 ℃.

Key words: open convex balcony, temperature distribution, simple sprinkler fire suppression, fire canopy, numerical simulation