主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1625-1629.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

外部加热和过充下梯次利用锂离子电池模组热失控传播特性

王志1, 何昌林1, 史波波1, 李志华2   

  1. （1. 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116；2. 江苏领安能源系统集成有限公司，江苏 无锡 214000）
  • 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-12-15
  • 作者简介:王 志（1990- ），男，河南南阳人，中国矿业大学副教授，硕士生导师，博士，主要从事火灾动力学、锂离子电池火灾安全等方面的研究，江苏省徐州市大学路1号，221116。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52204253）；江苏省双创博士项目（140923027）；民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室开放基金项目（MZ2023KF06）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（2022QN1009）

Investigation on thermal runaway propagation behaviors of echelon use batteries under overheating and overcharging

Wang Zhi1, He Changlin1, Shi Bobo1, Li Zhihua2   

  1. (1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116, China;2. Jiangsu I-safe Energy Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Wuxi 214000, China)
  • Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-12-15

摘要： 为了探究储能用梯次利用锂离子电池的安全性，模拟实际储能场所搭建储能舱，试验研究外部加热、过充两种滥用条件下，大容量储能用梯次利用锂离子电池模组的热失控传播特性。结果表明，外部加热条件下，触发锂离子电池热失控的诱导热量来自电池外部，模组中热失控电池最高温度为295.6 ℃，热失控电池质量损失率最高为18%，呈现双向热失控传播，热失控传播速度最大可达到0.022 mm/s，热失控传播总时间为 9 316 s。过充条件下，触发锂离子电池热失控的诱导热量主要来自电池内部，模组中热失控电池最高温度为499.5 ℃，热失控电池质量损失率最高为21.5%，热失控传播总时间为827 s。相比外部加热下触发的热失控，过充条件下触发的热失控温度更高，传播时间更短，火灾爆炸危险性更大。

关键词: 锂离子电池模组, 梯次利用, 外部加热, 过充, 热失控

Abstract: To explore the safety of echelon—use lithium—ion batteries for energy storage, this article studied the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of large—capacity energy storage echelon—use lithium—ion battery modules under two abusive conditions of external heating and overcharging by modeling actual energy storage site. Under external heating conditions, the induced heat that triggers the thermal runaway of lithium—ion batteries comes from outside the battery. The maximum temperature of the thermal runaway battery in the module is 295.6 ℃, and the maximum mass loss rate of the thermal runaway battery is 18%. It presents a two—way thermal runaway propagation, with a maximum propagation speed of 0.022 mm/s and a total thermal runaway propagation time of 9 316 s. Under overcharging conditions, the induced heat that triggers thermal runaway in lithium—ion batteries mainly comes from within the battery. The maximum temperature of the thermal runaway battery in the module is 499.5 ℃, and the maximum mass loss rate of the thermal runaway battery is 21.5%. The total propagation time of the thermal runaway is only 827 s. Compared to the thermal runaway triggered by external heating, the thermal runaway temperature triggered under overcharging conditions is higher, and the propagation time of thermal runaway is shorter. Therefore, the risk of thermal runaway fire and explosion in lithium—ion batteries caused by overcharging is greater.

Key words: lithium—ion batteries module, echelon use, external heating, overcharge, thermal runaway