主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1572-1577.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区防火瞭望塔选址研究

杨欣晨1, 孙术发1, 孙美欧2, 丁东1   

  1. （1. 东北林业大学 工程技术学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040；2. 黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区管理局，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040）
  • 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-11-15
  • 作者简介:杨欣晨（1998- ），女，安徽阜阳人，东北林业大学工程技术学院在读研究生，主要从事林区应急规划方面研究，黑龙江省哈尔滨市和兴路26号，150040。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省自然基金项目（LH2020C052）

Siting study of fire lookout towers in the northern Daxinganling primeval forest area of Inner Mongolia

Yang Xinchen1, Sun Shufa1, Sun Meiou2, Ding Dong1   

  1. (1. College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China;2. Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve Administration, Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China)
  • Online:2023-11-15 Published:2023-11-15

摘要： 瞭望塔是森林火险监测的重要载体。为了提高森林火灾的防范强度，保护原始森林，瞭望塔的合理选址至关重要。以内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区为研究对象，对林区1999-2020年21年间的历史火点数据进行归纳统计，采用BWM多准则分析和ArcGIS栅格叠加对林区进行火灾风险分级；根据不同风险区域的林火预防监测需求情况，建立多目标函数作为瞭望塔选址的搜索模型；最后通过遗传算法求解选择出防火瞭望塔的最优布局位置。优化后的瞭望塔对火险的低、中、高风险区域覆盖率分别提高了13.7%、23%和41%，该优化方案提高了火险监测的效率，对中国北部林区的林火防范工作具有参考意义。

关键词: 原始林区, 森林防火, 瞭望塔, 选址, ArcGIS

Abstract: The watchtower is an important carrier for forest fire risk monitoring. In order to improve the intensity of forest fire prevention and protect the primary forest, the reasonable site selection of watchtower is crucial. This paper takes the primitive forest area in the northern part of Inner Mongolia Daxinganling as the research object, summarizes the historical fire point data of the forest area for 21 years from 1999 to 2020, uses BWM multi?criteria analysis and ArcGIS raster overlay to classify the fire risk in the forest area; establishes a multi?objective function as the search factor model for watchtower site selection according to the demand situation of forest fire prevention and monitoring in different risk areas; finally selects the optimal watchtower site by Finally, the optimal location of the fire watchtower is selected by the genetic algorithm. The optimized watchtower increased the coverage rate of low, medium and high risk areas of fire risk region by 13.7%, 23% and 41%, respectively. The optimized scheme improved the efficiency of fire risk monitoring and has reference significance to the forest fire prevention work in the northern forest area of China.

Key words: primary forest area, forest fire prevention, watchtower, site selection, ArcGIS