主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1428-1433.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

MFA微球悬浮液-硅溶胶后整理棉织物阻燃性能和机理分析

周畅1,2, 尤飞1,2, 李丹1,2   

  1. （1. 南京工业大学 安全科学与工程学院，江苏 南京 211816；2. 南京工业大学 火灾与消防工程研究所，江苏 南京 211816）
  • 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-10-15
  • 作者简介:周畅（1997- ），女，四川达州人，南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事阻燃材料方面的研究，江苏省南京市江北新区浦珠南路30号，211816。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（50906039）

Flame retardant properties and mechanisms of cotton fabrics finished by MFA microsphere suspension⁃silica sol systems

Zhou Chang1,2, You Fei1,2, Li Dan1,2   

  1. (1. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Nanjing 211816, China; 2. Institute of Fire Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Nanjing 211816, China)
  • Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-15

摘要： 以三聚氰胺（MEL）、甲醛（FM）和5-单磷酸腺苷（AMP）为原料通过缩合反应制备MFA微球，将其浸入海藻酸钠（SA，分散剂）溶液中形成SA-MFA悬浮液。以正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）为前驱体通过脱水缩聚制备SiO2溶胶。通过浸渍-烘燥法依次将SA-MFA悬浮液和SiO2溶胶后整理于棉织物。通过扫描电镜（SEM）和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分别表征后整理棉织物表面微观形貌和表面官能团，利用热重（TG）分析仪、极限氧指数（LOI）仪、锥形量热计（CC）和SEM分别表征后整理棉织物热解特性、可燃性、对火反应特性和LOI试验后残炭表面微观形貌。结果表明：较之原始棉织物，样品SA-MFA-SiO2@COT阻燃性能相对最优，其热解残炭率（46.39%）和LOI值（28.0%）分别提高520.18%和55.55%，其热释放速率峰值（PHRR，114.67 kW/m2）和总释放热（THR，5.09 MJ/m2）分别下降31.67%和37.35%。在燃烧过程中，MFA微球和SA受热分解促进棉纤维脱水炭化释放出NH3、CO2和H2O等难燃性气体，吸热冷却和稀释可燃气体浓度；SiO2凝胶涂层吸热缩聚，发挥物理屏障和结构支撑效应，阻挡热量、氧气和气态产物传递；成分间具有明显协同阻燃效应。

关键词: 棉织物, 溶胶-凝胶法, 二氧化硅凝胶涂层, MFA微球, 极限氧指数, 热释放速率, 阻燃性能和机理, 协同阻燃效应

Abstract: MFA microspheres were prepared by condensation reactions with melamine (MEL), formaldehyde (FM) and 5-adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and were immersed in a sodium alginate (SA, dispersant) solution to form a SA-MFA suspension. A SiO2 sol was prepared by dehydration polycondensations using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor. The SA-MFA suspension and SiO2 sol were coated into cotton fabrics successively by dipping-drying method. The surface morphology and functional groups of treated cotton fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), respectively. Thermogravimetry (TG), limiting oxygen index(LOI), cone calorimeter (CC) and SEM techniques were used to characterize the pyrolysis characteristics, flammability levels, reaction-to-fire characteristics and surface microscopic morphologies of char residues after LOI tests of treated cotton fabrics. The results show that compared with the original cotton fabric, the flame retardant performance of SA-MFA-SiO2@COT is relatively optimal. Its char residue rate (46.39%) and LOI value (28.0%) values increase by 520.18% and 55.55%, peak heat release rate (PHRR, 114.67 kW/m2) and total heat release (THR, 5.09 MJ/m2) values decrease by 31.67% and 37.35%, respectively. During a combustion process, MFA microspheres and SA pyrolyze and promote the dehydration and carbonization processes of cotton fibers to release non?flammable gases like NH3, CO2 and H2O. Such processes can thus absorb heat and cool down, and dilute combustible gas concentrations. The SiO2 gel coating absorbs heat and further condenses, provides a physical barrier and structural support effect, blocks the transfer of heat, oxygen and gaseous products. The components show obvious synergistic flame retardant effects.

Key words: cotton fabric, sol?gel method, silica gel coating, MFA microspheres, heat release rate, flame retardant properties and mechanisms, synergistic flame retardant effects