主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1374-1379.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于商铺火灾试验的重庆东站候车厅自然排烟研究

丁丹1, 宋扬2, 耿伟超3,4, 杨龙龙3,4   

  1. （1. 重庆铁路投资集团有限公司，重庆 400023；2. 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司，四川 成都 610031；3. 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100013；4. 建研防火科技有限公司，北京 100013）
  • 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-10-15
  • 作者简介:丁 丹(1981- )，女，重庆人，重庆铁路投资集团有限公司高级工程师，主要从事铁路综合交通枢纽工程建设管理方面的研究，重庆市渝北区金融街1号，400023。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：大型交通建筑消防安全评估技术研究与工程应用（20190111330730002）

Research on natural smoke exhaust in waiting hall of Chongqingdong railway station based on shop fire test

Ding Dan1, Song Yang2, Geng Weichao3,4, Yang Longlong3,4   

  1. (1. Chongqing Railway Investment Group, Chongqing 400023, China; 2. China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Sichuan Chengdou 610031, China; 3. China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China; 4. CABR Fire Safety Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China)
  • Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-15

摘要： 为研究实体火灾试验条件下候车厅烟控系统设计的合理性，本文首先进行了商铺火灾试验，814 s时商铺发生轰燃，993 s时最大热释放速率为12.9 MW，然后将试验数据输入FDS，模拟了4种不同开窗模式下的候车厅排烟，对比分析了候车厅烟气蔓延规律、温度、能见度和补风风速变化情况。结果表明：排烟窗开启后，烟气层和能见度界面分别提高了10 m和8 m，自然排烟效果显著。4种开窗模式下，1 800 s内距夹层地面上方2 m高度处温度均小于60 oC，能见度均大于10 m，且各方向自然补风口风速均小于3 m/s，能保证人员安全疏散。顶窗排烟效率远高于高侧窗，开窗占比4%的高侧窗和开窗占比0.64%的顶窗其烟气层和能见度界面仅相差1 m。本烟控系统设计能够满足不同开窗模式下的人员安全疏散需求，但应优先考虑顶窗排烟，加大顶窗排烟面积。

关键词: 商铺火灾, 火灾试验, 候车厅, 自然排烟, 数值模拟

Abstract: In order to study the rationality of smoke control system design in waiting hall under the condition of the physical fire test, the fire test of the shop was carried out first. Flashover occurred in the shop at 814 s, and the maximum heat release rate was 12.9 MW at 993 s. This data was then input into FDS to conduct research on smoke exhaust in the waiting hall under four different window opening modes, and compared and analyzed the smoke spreading law, temperature, visibility and wind speed changes in the waiting hall. The results show that after the exhaust window is opened, the smoke layer and visibility interface are increased by 10 m and 8 m respectively, and the natural exhaust effect is obvious. The temperature at a height of 2 m above the interlayer ground in the four window opening modes within 1 800 s is less than 60 oC, the visibility is greater than 10 m, and the wind speed of the natural supplementary air outlet in the four directions is less than 3 m/s, which can ensure the safe evacuation of personnel. At the same time, the smoke exhaust efficiency of the roof window is much higher than that of the high side window. The difference between the smoke layer and the visibility interface of the high side window with a window ratio of 4% and the top window with a window ratio of 0.64% is only 1 m. The design of the smoke control system can meet the needs of safe evacuation of people under different window opening modes, but priority should be given to smoke exhaust from the roof window and increase the smoke exhaust area of the roof window.

Key words: shop fire, fire experiment, waiting hall, natural smoke exhaust, numerical simulation