主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1228-1232.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于BIM及仿真技术的古建筑火灾防控技术研究

刘慧1,2, 李亭1, 钟晨3   

  1. （1. 北京建筑大学 电气与信息工程学院，北京102616；2. 建筑大数据智能处理方法研究北京市重点实验室，北京 102616；3. 应急管理部沈阳消防研究所，辽宁 沈阳 110034）
  • 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-15
  • 作者简介:刘 慧(1978- )，女，北京建筑大学电气与信息工程学院副教授，博士，硕士生导师，主要从事建筑火灾模拟、建筑环境通风模拟、建筑三维建模等方面的研究，北京市大兴区黄村镇永源路15号，102616。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：国家重点研发计划课题（2020YFC1522804）

Research on ancient building fire prevention and control technology based on BIM and simulation technology

Liu Hui1,2, Li Ting1, Zhong Chen3   

  1. (1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing for Building Big Data, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China; 3. Shenyang Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Liaoning Shenyang 110034, China)
  • Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-15

摘要： 我国古建筑多为木质结构，易遭受火灾威胁，目前古建筑火灾防控技术经验不足，也无法采用真实古建筑开展相关试验研究。为解决上述问题，基于BIM及仿真技术，通过计算机模拟火灾场景，对古建筑火灾防控技术开展研究。首先利用BIM技术对4种典型的古建筑进行三维建模，并基于此模型，利用CFD技术开展古建筑自然通风及火灾烟雾蔓延场景的研究。结果表明，不同屋顶类型古建筑室外风场的自然通风状况有显著区别，气候条件也会对室内火灾烟雾扩散产生较大影响。该模拟方法能够用于各种古建筑的火灾烟气蔓延模拟，同时获取古建筑火灾发生时各监测区域的气体温度、流体速度、烟气分布等参数，进而对后续消防设施的布局提供合理化建议。

关键词: 关键词：BIM技术, 烟雾蔓延, 火灾防控, 数值模拟

Abstract: Most ancient buildings in China are wooden structures, which are vulnerable to fire threat. At present, the experience of fire prevention and control technology for ancient buildings is insufficient, and it is impossible to carry out relevant experimental research using real ancient buildings. In order to solve the above problems, based on BIM and simulation technology, the fire prevention and control technology of ancient buildings is studied through computer simulation. Firstly, BIM is used to build three-dimensional models of four typical ancient buildings, and based on this model, CFD is used to study the natural ventilation and fire smoke spread. The experimental results show that the natural ventilation conditions of the outdoor wind field of ancient buildings with different roof types are significantly different, and the climate conditions also have a great impact on the indoor fire smoke diffusion. The simulation method can be used to simulate the fire smoke spread, and obtain the smoke temperature, velocity, distribution and other parameters, so as to provide reasonable suggestions for the layout of fire-fighting facilities.

Key words:  BIM technology, smoke spread, fire protection and control, numerical simulation