主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1739-1742.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

火源—竖井间距对自然通风隧道火灾烟气流动特征的影响

郭庆华1，史建峰2，闫治国3，朱合华3   

  1. （1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津300381； 2.深圳市福田区住房和建设局，广东 深圳 518038；3.同济大学 地下建筑与工程系，上海200092）
  • 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-15
  • 作者简介:郭庆华（1989-），男，山西曲沃人，应急管理部天津消防研究所助理研究员，主要从事隧道及地下空间火灾安全研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市科委项目（16DZ1200600，15DZ1203803）

Impact of the fire-shaft distances on the smoke flow properties in naturally ventilated tunnel fires

GUO Qing-hua1, SHI Jian-feng2， YAN Zhi-guo3, ZHU He-hua3   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Futian District Housing & Construction Bureau, Guangdong Shenzhen 518038，China; 3. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)
  • Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-15

摘要： 通过数值计算，研究顶部开口自然通风隧道火灾火源–竖井间距对烟气流动特征与竖井排烟效率的影响。考虑因素有火源–竖井间距、竖井断面尺寸。结果表明：随着火源–竖井间距的增大，竖井前方来流烟气的质量流量增大，且竖井的排烟效率逐渐降低，竖井内空气卷吸量减少；当火源–竖井间距较小时，竖井更有利于排出更多的热量，竖井后方的温度降低幅度更大，烟气可以被控制在更小的范围内。此外，随着竖井截面尺寸的增大，竖井的排烟效率增加，且增大竖井的宽度更有利于增加竖井的排烟量。因此建议当相邻竖井的间距较大时，可适当增加竖井的截面尺寸和竖井高度。

关键词: 自然通风, 隧道火灾, 火源–竖井间距, 烟气流动, 排烟效率

Abstract: The impact of fire-shaft distance on the smoke flow properties and smoke exhaust efficiency in naturally ventilated tunnel fires was studied by numerical simulations. The fire–shaft distance and the cross-section of the shaft are taken into consideration. The numerical simulation results indicate that with the increase of the fire-shaft distances, the mass flow rates of the incoming smoke before the shaft increase, however the smoke exhaust efficiency and air entrainment of the shaft decrease. Besides, when a small fire-shaft distance is employed, more heat can be exhausted and lower temperatures downstream the shaft can be generated, and the smoke can be controlled within a small range. Moreover, as the shaft cross-section increases, the smoke exhaust efficiency of the shaft becomes great and more smoke can be exhausted under a wider shaft. From the resulted obtained in this work, when a large interval of adjacent shafts is set, it is suggested that a large shaft cross-section and a large shaft height be used.

Key words: natural ventilation, tunnel fire, fire-shaft distance, smoke flow, smoke exhaust efficiency